Knossos: The City of Gnosis

One of Europe’s oldest cities is located on the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea; the island of Crete which is in the country of Crete aegean mapGreece. This ancient city is called “Knossos (/ˈnɒsəs/; also spelled Knossus, Cnossus, Greek Κνωσός, pronounced [knoˈsos] )”and it has the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete. This is the city where the 19th century archaeologist,  Sir Arthur Evans had found his main discoveries of the people from ancient Crete, whom he had dubbed the ‘Minoans.’ However, today, the city they had founded called Knossos,  may very well be the true first “Ancient City of Gnosis.” (more…)

The Meaning of Crete is to Create

The Cretans are well-known and are mostly named along with the Philistines or Pallitini in the Bible: 2 Sam. viii, 18, xv. 18, OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAxx. 23. – Godfrey Higgins

Many of you who come to my website probably do not know why I have been writing about the island of Crete so much lately. I do not blame you, but in the same breath, if you want to know true history and how our current world was creat-ed, then you might want to pay attention to these articles I’m sharing with you on this most mysterious island located in the Mediterranean Sea.

As I had written before, Crete was called Keftiu by the Ancient Egyptians, it was also known under the old biblical name written in Hebrew “Kaftor or Caphtor”, and the Arabs had called it Kerith.  The Latins had called Crete, Cappadocia and the Europeans had named it Candia. During the rule of the Turks, the name of the island had changed to ‘Kriti’, which is Greek for the English Crete.

Saint Paul and Titus holding CreteThe name Crete is derived from the Greek word Kriti (Kri-ti), which means ‘creation.’ The meaning of the English word Cre’ate,  is “to form out of nothing, to creo, creatum – cause to exist.” Hence, FIAT LUX.

I believe that the island of Crete was named after a word meaning creation, because it was one of the main starting points where the modern civilization that we see today in the West was created. A holy island that was once the home to many of the most important ancient Greek Jewish families from the East, who some of these same Cretans families would eventually join Rome under the banner of the Christian Brotherhood. Hence, the introduction into Christianity of the “Roman Jews” such as the Apostle Paul and the 1st century Jewish Roman historian, Josephus Flavius. Two very important people, who both had strong relations and histories to Crete. My theory simply coincides with the “mythical Minoans” from Crete, who in fiction are said to be the first culture to introduce the arts to the Western World. When in reality, it was the people of Crete and their descendants, the Jews who many had become Christians in Universal Brotherhood with Rome at the beginning of this Age. Later they would form the Byzantine Empire and both the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches.

There are not many places at this time in the world that were as important and so rich in history, than the island of Crete. When we couple this reality with the mythical tales and biblical history behind this holy island, my theories on Crete start to take shape as a fact. Here is a partial list of the research I have done lately with supporting facts, myths, firsts, events and people from this holy island that help substantiate my creation theory.

  • In Greek mythology, the greatest of all Greek Gods was Zeus, who in Rome became Jove or Jupiter who was born and also hidden by his mother Rhea on the island of Crete. He is the “Father of Gods and men.” Hence, there is no greater god above Zeus/Jupiter. He was venerated in Crete as Zeus Velchanos (“boy-Zeus”) often simply the “the greatest kouros (κοῦρος).”
  • The King of the Gods from Crete, Zeus was also the father to Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); by Hera, he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus. All these Gods were born on Crete.
  • To save the infant Zeus from his vengeful father Cronus, his mother Rhea hid him in a cave on Mount Ida on the island of Crete and where she had placed him in the care of a priesthood known as the Curetes (Koretes, Telchnines, Corybantes, Dactyls, Cabiri). Strabo had written, that these are the names of the various groups of daimones or demons known as the Curetes (Kuretes), Corybantes, Dactyls, Cabiri, and Telchines which are names that are often used interchangeably with one another.
  • King Melissus of Crete – first began the practice of sacrifice to the Gods and introduced new rights and sacred ceremonies to the priesthood. Melissus was the eldest and leader of the nine Curetes. The meaning of the name Melisseus is “bee-man,”and another form of Melissus, in Cretan means, “honey-man.” He had two daughters, Amalthea and Melissa who nursed the child Jupiter, and fed him with goat’s milk and honey.
  • I believe the legend of the Templars, Baphomet was creat-ed from this story of the Goat Almathea that had originated on the island of creation that we know of today as ‘Crete.’ However, the priesthood had taken this legend from the East when they had left Egypt, where the Goat Almathea would be known as “The Goat of Mendes.
  • Cydonia or Kydonia (Greek Κυδωνία, “quince”) is an ancient city-state on the northwest coast of the island of Crete. Cydonia was founded by King Cydon, a son of Hermes and of Akakallis, the daughter of King Minos. Cydon or Sidon means “first born” and they city was dedicated to the Goddess, Cydonia who later became Athena, and later in Rome, Minerva. They are the goddesses of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill.
  • Saint Longinus, the Roman soldier who pierced Jesus Christ in his side with a lance, the “Holy Lance.” He was said to have been baptized by the apostles of Crete, where he then became a monk who had converted great numbers to Christianity on the island of Crete, where eventually he would by martyred under Octavius Augustus Caesar.
  • Herodotus had said that the Curetes had come to Crete with the Phoenician Prince Cadmus who in Greek legend is the inventor of the alphabet and founder of a family dynasty.
  • Lucian tells us, the Great Mother was the Cretan Rhea—, or Europa, the sister of Cadmus. —English Universal History, vol. ii.
  • These people last of the offspring of Mizraim (Egypt), are, by all 35 the fathers, said to be the Cappadocians (Cretans). Mizraim (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם, Modern Mitzráyim Tiberian Miṣrāyim / Miṣráyim ; cf. Arabic مصر, Miṣr) is the Hebrew name for the land of Egypt.
  • Crete was once called the “Jewel of the Aegean Sea” and was home to over 100 cities
  • Saint George, the Patron Saint of many of the world’s most powerful countries and influential cities was born and martyred on Crete.
  • Paul the Apostle lived on the beautiful island Crete for two years. Paul is considered one of the most important apostles of our age and he had also founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe.
  • St. Titus the Apostle  was an early Christian leader, a companion of Saint Paul and the first bishop of Crete. St. Titus is the patron saint of the United States Army Chaplain Corps.
  • St. Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea and Doctor of the Church was born and served the church in Crete.
  • Saint Basil the Elder and the grandmother of Saint Basil the Great, Saint Macrina the Elder  were both born and died on Crete.
  • The 1st century Greek geographer, philosopher and historian, Strabo was born on Crete.
  • The 1st century Jewish-Roman Historian, Flavius Josephus had married a woman from a royal family on Crete who became his 4th wife and bore him two sons.
  • Josephus mentions that one of the Cappadocian (Cretan) tribes is the Moschoi, associated  with the biblical figure Meshech, son of Japheth: “and the Mosocheni were founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians (Cretans from the island of Crete).” Meshech is named with Tubal as a principality of the prince of Gog and Magog in Ezekiel 38:2 and 39:1. Modern day Moscow was founded by the Mosocheni (Moschoi, Mosoch or Meshech), or the Tabalior (Thobelites).
  • Nerva (Latin: Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus; 8 November, 30 AD – 27 January, 98 AD) who became the thirteenth Roman Emperor from 96 to 98. He was from the Italian branch of this tribe of Israelites; known then as the Umbrians who were the Italian descendants of the Israelites from Crete.
  • Today, this island is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece.

Saint George of the Holy Island of Crete

Saint George (Greek: Γεώργιος – Georgios, or Latin: Georgius; c. 275/281 – 23 April 303 AD), surnamed George of CapadociaSaint George (Latin for the island of Crete) is one of the most honored Saints that you will find in both the Western and Eastern Christian churches. He was born into a highly influential Greek Christian royal family, from the holy island of Crete, Greece located in the Mediterranean Sea. His father’s name was Gerontius and was a leader in the newly established Greco-Roman military, who had trained Saint George in the art of war since he was a young boy. The meaning of the name George is “worker of the land” (i.e., farmer).

The island of Crete was the birthplace of several saints such as George that are now highly venerated in both the Western and Eastern Christian churches. It was at one time the main land for the Greek Jews who would eventually join forces with the Romans under the banner of Christianity after the destruction of Jerusalem. The Greek historian Homer had said, “various tribes jostled each other in that island.” The Apostle Paul had lived on the beautiful island Crete for two years. Hence, for many centuries before and during the advent of Christianity, the island of Crete was one of the most important holy lands for the Ancient Jews and also the first converts to Christianity and the Saints.

These were dangerous times for all and the true beginnings of the fierce religious wars that would rage on for many centuries between the various religious factions, royal families, and the people who were often just as dangerous as the former. A fact, that George would come to understand all too well.

George was made the bishop of Nicomedia in Crete during the late 3rd century A.D., which would become the place of his Martyrdom. (1) Nicomedia was the ancient capital of Bithynia, an important stronghold for a certain ancient Jewish family, that I believe became the Greek Byzantine Empire and one of the most influential families in early beginnings of Christianity. In the year 324, it was at Nicomedia that Licinius resigned his share of the imperial purple to his rival Constantine the Great, and Licinius would become a Roman emperor under Constantine from 308 to 324. Constantine the Great frequently traveled to Nicomedia in Crete and had made this city his place of residence. He later died near his home in the year 337.’ Photius the Great was Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867, and from 877 to 886; he had said that he was of a Nicomedian race, and born in Nicomedia. (2)

The Greek Church was the first to honor Saint George and they had often depicted him in images with a Dragon under his feet and the crowned virgin Mary at his side representing the Church. The Grecians in their Menologe call him the Holy, Glorious, and Great Martyr. Before the young George had become a Saint, he served as a soldier under his father on the island of Crete in the Roman army. George of Cappadocia was also fiercely against any form of paganism and the ancient rites of the Jews. His stance against the Jewish people on the island had made him many enemies and he was said to be especially harsh against his foes, often “inflicting imprisonment and scourges on men and women after the fashion of a tyrant.”

The shout arose, “Away with George!” and “in a moment,” says the Fragmentist, they threw him into prison, with Diodorus and Dracontius, the master of the mint, who had overthrown a pagan altar which he found standing there (Ammian.). The captives were kept in irons until the morning of Dec. 24. Then the pagan mob again assembled, dragged them forth with “horrible shouts” of triumph, and kicked them to death. They flung the mangled body of George on a camel, which they led through every part of the city, dragging the two other corpses along with ropes, and eventually burned the remains on the shore, casting the ashes into the sea.

Saint_George Carlo_CrivelliIn the early 6th century, the wife of the first French King, Clovis had erected Altars to St. George in France. A Roman librarian, Anastasius had said that Pope Leo II about 683 built a Church in Rome which was known as the Church of St. George and St. Sebastian. One of the first literary references in England to Saint George was made by one of his descendants, the 7th century Northrumbian Father of English history and Doctor of the Church, Saint Bede in his books, Ecclesiastical History and Martyrologies. From this point forward, the Great Martyr of Crete whose birthday and death would be parallel with that which preserved Easter and Christmas to Northern Europe, by turning pagan festivals to commemorate Christian events.

In attempting to Christianize the pagan Jews of Crete and George’s harsh stance against their old religion, he would eventually suffer a violent death which would later lead to him being highly venerated around the world by his fellow Christian Brothers as one of the first Greek martyrs, Saints, and Patrons. For his martyrdom during the early beginnings of Christianity, George in the year 1220 A.D. would become honored as the patron Saint of England, and he has been the guardian saint of Russia since the early 14th century when they had released themselves from Mongol dominion. Saint George is also the patron Saint to many countries such as Greece, England, Russia, Romania, Israel, Iraq, and the Grand Protector to many important cities such as Genoa, Barcelona, and Moscow, just to name a few.

SOURCES:

1. The Lives of Saints Page 145

2. Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, Volume 1  By Royal Society of Literature (Great Britain) PAGE 35

3. Wikipedia

4. Linked to in yellow

The First Jews of Crete

Before the advent of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the people of the world were mainly separated by race, tribe and/or land. The meaning of the word ‘religion’ is to tie or bind. Jews of CreteHence, when the Romans had created the new religion of Christianity, their goal was to tie and bind people of various races into the folds of the Roman Empire under the banner of this Universal Religion.  Any people who practiced their ancient tribal rights or religion, that was not part of this new government approved religion of Rome, were now considered pagan or barbaric in nature; a people that would be given a new religious label, where forever thereafter, they would be known as the ‘Jews.’

Many of these ancient people of these lands, who were now called Jews by the Romans, were from some of the most powerful tribal families that were related by blood from the old Greek empire and other countries such as Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya. Their religion, priesthood and combined military powers were the biggest threat to this new Roman Empire and religion. Therefor, the Romans would engage in a massive military campaign in the regions of these people, in order to subjugate them and to bind them by religion unto the empire under the symbol of the fasces.

One of the main strongholds and possibly the capital for these ancient tribes that are now considered Jewish people was on the ancient island of Crete, which I believe was once the main capital to the Jewish people of the Old Testament. Some of the most famous authors and historians such as Josephus and Tacitus had written that the first converts to the Christian faith under Rome were said to come from Crete. It was these Cretan Jews to whom Saint Peter preached on the memorable day of Pentecost, where he had converted three thousand of them to Christianity and who would then preach the gospel on their return from Jerusalem. Later, the Apostle Paul would go to Crete in order to live for two years as part of a missionary effort of Rome, where he too was successful like his predecessor Peter in converting many of the island’s inhabitants, who were now called Jews, and bind them to Christianity. Before Paul had left Crete, he had appointed the newly converted Roman Gentile, Titus as Bishop to the island, in order that he ordain elders in every city. The facts that two of the most important Roman Catholic Saints and one of the most powerful bishops had spent a lot of time and resources in Crete, proves that this island was most likely the main capital to the Jewish people in this region of the world.

Theseus and the Bull Dance in ancient CreteThis makes perfect Jewish sense, because Crete is where their God Zeus was born and the island where most of their legends, myths and Greek epics had originated. Roman Senator and historian, Cornelius Tacitus (110 A.D.) had written that the Jews often traveled to Crete to celebrate the festival of Pentecost in Jerusalem and that they eventually were exiled from the island when Saturn was driven from his throne by the violence of Jupiter. The Cretans are called Idaeans, and then Judieans who eventually became fugitives from the island and who then settled on the nearest coast of Africa in the remotest corner of Libya. In, The Works of Tacitus, he explains the relationship with Crete, the Jewish people and the exodus from the island of Crete to the coast of Africa in Libya;

The Jews, we are told, escaping from the island of Crete, at the time when Saturn was driven from his throne by the violence of Jupiter, settled in the extreme parts of Libya. Their name is adduced as – a proof. Ida, it is alleged, is a well-known mountain in Crete: the neighboring Idaeans, by an addition to the name to adapt it to the language of barbarians, are ordinarily called Judieans. Some say that the population, overflowing throughout Egypt, in the reign of Isis, was relieved by emigration into the neighboring countries, under the conduct of Hierosolymus and Juda. Many state that they are the progeny of the Ethiopians) who were impelled by fear and detestation to change their abode in the reign of King Cepheus.

This exile of the Cretan Jews, I had written about in my previous articles such as, Crete: The Lost Island of Atlantis and Crete: The Land of Milk and Honey in Canaan. It is interesting that Tacitus says that the Jews traveled to Crete in order to celebrate the festival of Pentecost in Jerusalem, because he appears to simply allude to the fact that Old Jerusalem is on the island of Crete. This does not seem to be a mistake in my eyes of reason, but a well placed truth that we also can verify with other very important authors who point out that the people of Jupiter from Crete, were named “Jud [Jews.]” This author who called the people of Crete Jud (Jews), was no other than the most famous 1st century Jewish-Roman historian, Josephus Flavius.

In a sign of blood to commemorate this new major political alliance between Rome and Crete, Josephus would divorce his third wife at around the age of 75, to then marry a Greek Jewish womanKnossos_fresco_women from Crete. She was a member of a very distinguished family who had bore him two sons, Flavius Justus and Simonides-Agrippa. Josephus is simply one of the most important Jews and people in early Roman history, and who is one of the keys in connecting these two people into one empire. Hence, it only makes sense that he would marry a woman from one of the most powerful Jewish families from the most powerful Jewish state on the island of Crete, for political purposes. He had also written about the exodus of Jews from Crete in a similar manner to Tacitus in his book, “The Works of Flavius Josephus;

The tradition is, that the Jews ran away from the island of Crete, and settled themselves on the coast of Libya, and this at the time when Saturn was driven out of his kingdom by the power of Jupiter: an argument for it is fetched from their name. The mountain Ida is famous in Crete; and the neighbouring inhabitants are named, which, with a barbarous augment, becomes the name of Jud [Jews.] Some say they were a people who were very numerous in Egypt, under the reign of Isis, and that the Egyptians got free from that burden by sending them into the adjoining countries, under their captains Hierosolymus and Judas.

In the Ancient Egyptian texts, Crete was called Keftiu. In the bible, it was known by the names such as Kaftor, or Caphtor in the Land of Canaan. This island was also part of Palestine, where the island’s inhabitants were known as the infamous Sea Peoples and the foes of Israel, the Philistines. The Latins had called Crete in their native language, Cappadocia, and the people, Cappadocian. Later it would also be known as Candia and Arcadia.

LevitesThe priests of the Cretan Jewish people were known by several names such as the Curetes (Kuretes), Corybantes, Dactyls, Cabiri, and Telchines who the 1st century Greek philosopher and historian, Strabo had said were names that are often used interchangeably with one another. These priests were placed in charge of protecting Zeus (Jupiter or Jove) by his mother Rhea from his vengeful father Cronus (Saturn or Satan). Rhea was worshiped under the symbol of the Moon as they had carried the Ark. For many centuries, they had practiced their religious rites, magic and tribal customs there in Crete, before they would release them unto the world.

Today, many of these priests from Crete would be known in the Judaic religion as Jewish Samaritans, or as the Tribe of Levi. Many very important biblical characters come from this tribe, such as Moses, Aaron, John the Baptist, and Barnabas who was born in Ancient Greece on an island near Crete called Cyprus. Some of their tribe had come to the Roman empire in Italy, where they had settled in the hills of Tuscany. They were known in these lands as the Umbrians, and in the North as the Northumbrians. In Ireland from their home base on the Island of Iona, they were known as the Culdee Druids of the Celtic Church who themselves converted to Christianity, and had also helped convert these mighty pagan countries in the badlands of the North to Christianity. Some of the Levite priests from this tribe would join Rome under the New Testament (New Law) via Roman Law with Augustus Caesar as their first official Pontifex Maximus (Pope). He would become their savior because he had established peace via PAX RAMONA by abolishing all other religions and cults, to then help incorporate a new Universal Religion at the beginning of this age, that we know of as Catholicism under the brotherhood banner of Christianity. A religion, that the same Levite priests who would be called Jews in places such as Greece, were now Christians bound together under Roman Law. Hence, the New Testament of Rome with Augustus Caesar as Pope and the Levites as priests, would begin the great divide between these ancient Greek tribes that are now considered Jewish for their pagan practices.

In Greek mythology, Crete was where the God Zeus was born to his mother, Rhea and his vengeful father Cronus. Cronus sired six children by Rhea: Hestia, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus in that order, but swallowed them all as soon as they were born except Zeus, since Cronus had learned from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own child as he had overthrown his own father. When Zeus was about to be born, however, Rhea sought Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan to save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed. Then she hid Zeus in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete. (Wikipedia)

The king and greatest of all gods, Zeus (Jupiter) was now hidden in a cave in the dark by his mother the moon goddess, Rhea who would be the light to lead us through the night. The moon goddess would now be placed in charge of religion, and the ancient priesthood from Crete would be the defacto protectors. According to Sextus Empyricus, the Trojan war was fought over a statue of the moon goddess.

Rhea is called the Mother of the Gods, Mother of the World, Goddess of Heaven and the Goddess of War, just to name a few of her titles. The second largest moon of the planet Saturn is named after her. Saturn is known in the occult, as the dark planet and planet of chaos. One of Rhea’s symbols is the moon, and in ancient Crete one of their main emblems was also the moon which can often be found on Cretan seals that served as their magical talismans. In the Cretan Vocabulary, one of the names for the moon was Diana. It is said that in ancient Crete, a common practice was ritual prostitution by devotees to the Moon goddess as it was in Cyprus, Libya, Syria, Asia Minor, and Palestine.

The Greeks had also esteemed a goddess they had called, ‘Cybele’ who was often depicted crowned with a crescent moon, to be the same with Rhea. I had spoken about these magicians from this island and how part of their magic was writing and using word play such as allegory, where they perfected that art of concealing truths in allegorical stories, parables, poems and pseudo history. A form of magic and word play that made them some of the best wordsmiths this world has ever known. Hence, the many stories and various names of gods and goddesses over the last few thousand years, can be attributed to these people, who through Babylon and the Tower of Babel, they had employed this word magic upon the world.

The goddess of the moon and mother of Crete, Rhea was also known at various times throughout history by many names such as Diana, Ma, Enyo, Selene, Ishtar, Astarte, Isis, Hecate, Artemis, Magna Mater or “Mary or Mari (Ma-Ri).” Speaking of Isis, the Greek historian Ptolemy had called her the goddess of a ten-thousand names. The meaning ‘ma’ is mother, and ‘ri’ means queen. Hence, the meaning of Mary is “queen mother.” In the etymology of the name Rhea, Plato and Chrysippus connected the word with “ῥέω” (rheo), “flow”, “discharge.” This discharge may be a toxic gas with a pungent irritating smell, like that which flows from volcanoes and also our veins from the result of war and chaos called Sulfur Dioxide. The same type of discharge event, that ended up with a volcano off the coast of Crete exploding and causing earthquakes and tidal waves, that were said to cause the end of this Ancient Jewish island civilization. Hence, the Lost Tribes of Israel driven out of his kingdom by the power of Jupiter at the time of Saturn.

Is there any hope for the Lost Tribes of Israel? There may be, because an ancient myth tells of the god of heaven seeks the lost moon – goddess, at last finds her, and celebrates with her a holy marriage.

SUPPORTING RESEARCH & INFORMATION:

In the year of Christ, 424, in the reign of Theodosius the younger, another Pseudo-Messiah arose in the island of Crete, who said, that he was Moses, and sent from heaven to carry the Jews in Crete, on dry ground, through the sea, and persuaded several of them to throw themselves into the sea.

A New Literal Translation, from the Original Greek of All the …, Volume 4  By James Macknight page 352

The first converts to the Christian faith in Crete, being, as was observed, those Cretian Jews to whom Peter preached on the memorable day os Pentecost, and those Jews in Crete, to whom Peter’s converts preached the gospel on their return from Jerusalem, they were all, or most of them, very zealous of the law of Moses. Wherefore, when Paul came into Crete, and converted numbers of the idolatrous inhabitants, we may believe, that the more early Christians in Crete, would address the new converts with great warmth, and insist on their obeying the law of Moses, as absolutely necessary to their salvation. Moreover, to render the law accceptable to these new converts, they no doubt followed the course in which their brethren in other churches walked. They amused the new converts with vain talking, and Jewish fables, and commandments of men, and foolish questions about the law.

Nay, they went so far as to affirm, that the sacrifices, and purifications enjoined by the law, duly performed, would procure pardon for them, though they continued in the practice of sin. To this doctrine the Cretians, many of whom were very wicked, lent a willing ear ; in so much, that these corrupt teachers, who seem to have been natives of Crete, and to have been infected with the vices of their countrymen, subverted whole families, Tit. i. 11.

The errors and bad practices of the Judaizing teachers, and of their disciples, the apostle, when he came into Crete, observed, and opposed by wholesome instructions and sharp rebukes. But well knowing how diligent they were in spreading their errors, Paul left Titus in Crete to restrain them. And that he might have a number of fit persons clothed with proper authority, to assist him in opposing the Judaizers, and in maintaining the truth, he ordered him, at parting, to ordain elders, that is, bishops and deacons in every city. But that he might be at no loss to know who were fit to be invested with these offices, and what line of conduct he himself was to pursue, in discharging the duties of his ministry, the apostle, when he came to Colosse, wrote to him this letter, in which he described -the qualifications of the persons who were worthy to be ordained elders, commanded him to rebuke the Judaizers sharply, and mentioned the errors he was particularly to oppose, the doctrines he was earnestly to inculcate, .and the precepts he was constantly to enjoin; that none of the Cretians, whether teach people, might fail in their duty through want of information.

By comparing the epistle to Titus with the two epistles to Timothy, we learn, that the Judaizing teachers were every where indefatigable in propagating their erroneous doctrine concerning the necessity of obedience to the law of Moses, as the oirly means of obtaining salvation; and that in the most distant countries, they uniformly taught the fame doctrine, for the purpose of rendering the practice of sin consistent with the hope of salvation: and that to draw disciples after them, they encouraged them in sin, by the vicious practices which they themselves followed, in the persuasion that they would be pardoned through the efficacy of the levitical sacrifices. Only, from the apostle’s so earnestly commanding Titus in Crete, and Timothy in Ephefus, to oppose these errors, it is probable that the Judaizing teachers were more numerous and successful in Ephefus ‘and Crete, than in other places.

However, as Titus was a Gentile convert, whose interest it was to maintain the freedom of the Gentiles from the law of Moses, and a teacher of long standing in the faith, the apostle was not so full in his directions and exhortations to him, as to Timothy, neither did he iecommend to him meekness, lenity, and patience in teaching, as he did to Timothy, but rather sharpness, chap. i. 13. ii. 13. Perhaps Titus was a person os a soft and mild temper: whereas Timothy being a younger man, maj have been of a more ardent spirit, which needed to be somewhat restrained.- CHAP. CHAP. I. ‘ View.View and lllujlration of the Matters contained in this Chapter.

‘IN the inscription of this epistle, St. Paul asserted his apostleship, not with a view to raise himself in the estimation of Titus, but to make the false teachers in Crete, and all in every age, who shall read this letter, sensible that every thing he ordered Titus to inculcate, was of divine authority, ver. 1, 2.— And by calling Titus his genuine son by the common faith, he insinuated to the Cretians, not only that he had converted hiin, but that he was a teacher of the fame virtuous, dispositions with himself, and as such he gave him his apostolical benediction, ver. 3, 4.—Next, he put Titus in mind that he had left him in Crete, to ordain elders in every city where churches had been planted, ver. 5. — And to direct him in that important business, he described to him the character and qualifications necessary in bishops and deacons, that ordaining to these offices none but persons of that description, they might be able both to instruct the people, and to confute gainsayers, ver. 6.—9.—-

Especially them of the circumcision in Crete, whose character the apostle explained, ver. 10 and whose mouth he told him it was necessary to stop, because they subverted whole families, by teaching the efficacy of the Jewish sacrifices and purifications to obtain pardon for sinners, even while they continued in their sins, Wherefore, the apostle ordered Titus sharply to reprove both the teachers and the people who held such doctrines, and to charge them no longer to give heed to Jewish fables and precepts of men, calculated to support that pernicious error; particularly the precepts concerning meats and sacrifices, taught by men who turned away the truth, when it offered itself to them, ver. 13, 14.—Withal, to give the faithful an abhorrence of such teachers, the apostle observed that both their understanding and their conscience was polluted, ver. 15.— They professed to know God, but in works they denied him.Paul a servant of God. In some of his other epistles, Paul calk himself, JaXoj Iwra X|»r«. a lond-man of Jesus Christ. But the present is the only one, in which he calls himself, JaXof 0s«, a lond-man of God. This appellation he took, probably because the Judaizers in Crete affirmed, that he had apostatized from God, when, as an apostle of Christ he received into God’s church the uncircumcised Gentiles, and thereby freed them from obeying the law of Moses, as a term of salvation.

The life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ  By John Fleetwood PAGE 511

TITUS was a Gentile by religion and birth, but converted by St. Paul, who calls him his son. St. Jerome says that he was St. Paul’s interpreter: and that, probably, because he might write what Si. Paul dictated, or explained in Latin what this apostle said in Greek; or rendered into Greek what St. Paul said in Hebrew or Syriac. St. Paul took him with him to Jerusalem, when he went thither in the year 51 of the vulgar ?pra, about deciding the question which was then started, whether the converted Gentiles ought to be made subject to the ceremonies of the law? Some would then have obliged him to circumcise Titus; but neither he nor Titus would consent to it. Titus was’ sent by the same apostle to Corinth, upon occasion of some disputes which then divided the church. He was very well received by the Corinthians, and very much satisfied with their ready compliance: but would receive nothing from them, imitating thereby the disinterestedness of his master.

From hence he went to St. Paul in Macedonia, and gave him an account of the state of the church at Corinth. A little while after, the apostle desired hiiii to return again to Corinth, to set things in order preparatory to his coming. Titus readily under

took this journey, and departed immediately, carrying with him St. Paul’s second letter to the Corinthians. Titus was made bishop of the isle of Crete, about the 63d year of Christ, when St. Paul was obliged to quit that island, in order to take care of the other churches. The following year he wrote to him, to desire that as soon as he should hayp sent Tychicus or Artemas to him for supplying his place in Crete, Titus would come to him to Nicopolis in Macedonia, or to Nicopolis in Epirus, upon the Gulf of Ambracia, where the apostle intended to pass his winter. *

The subject of this epistle is to represent to Titus what are the qualities that a bishop should be endued with. As the principal function which Titus was to exercise in the Isle of Crete was to ordain priests and bishops, it was highly incumbent on him to make a discreet choice. The apostle also gives him a sketch for the advice and instructions which he was to propound to all sorts of persons; to the aged, both men and women; to young people of each sex: to slaves or servants. He exhorts him to keep a strict authority over the Cretans; and to reprove them with severity, as being a people addicted to lying, wickedness, idleness, and gluttony. And as many Converted Jews were in the churches of Crete, he exhorts Titus to oppose their vain traditions and Jewish fables: and at the same time to shew them that the observation of the legal ceremonies is no longer necessary; that the distinction’of meat is now abolished; and that every thing is pure and clean to those who are so themselves: he puts him in mind of exhorting the faithful to be obedient to temporal power ; to avoid disputes, quarrels, and slander: to apply themselves to honest callings; and to shun the company of an heretic, after the first and second-admonition. •

The epistle to Titus has always been acknowledged by the church. The Marcionites did not receive it, nor did the Basilidians, and some other heretics; but Titian, the. head of the Encratics, received it, and preferred it before all the rest. It is not certainly known from what place it was written, nor by whom it was sent.

Titus was deputed to preach the Gospel in Dalmatia; and he was still there in the year 65, when the apostle wrote his second, epistle to Timothy. He afterwards returned into Crete; from whence it is said he propagated the Gospel into the neighboring islands. He died at the age of 94, and was buried in Crete. We are assured that the cathedral of the city of Candia is dedicated to his name; and that his head is preserved there entire. The Greeks keep his festival on the 25th of August, and the Latins on the 4th of January.

Telchines: Magic Metal Workers and Children of the Sea

The Telchnines (Telknines, Telkhis, Telegonus, or Greek, Τελχῖνες) were a daemon tribe of artists, magicians, warriors and Vulcanmerchants who at one time resided on the island of Crete (Krete) in approximately the year 1600 BC. Crete is known in Greek mythology as the birthplace of the God, Zeus who was born there on a mountain called Mount Ida. Some of the greatest of all legends come from this sacred island, that is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and was once called the jewel of the Aegean Sea.

Various historical accounts from many different authors tell of the people known as the Telchnines, who some had called the Curetes or other various names. Strabo had written, that these are the names of the various groups of daimones or demons known as the Curetes (Kuretes), Corybantes, Dactyls, Cabiri, and Telchines which are names that are often used interchangeably with one another.

Plutarch had said, “that according to a divine nature and justice, the souls of virtuous men are advanced to the rank of daemons; and that from demons, if they are properly purified, they are exalted into gods, not by any political institution, but according to right reason.” (more…)

Greeks: A Plague of Frogs Upon Egypt

The frog is the emblem of Apollo, who was known in Ancient Greece as a “healer and god-protector from evil.” Apollo is the Plague_of_Frogsson of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. The frog is the main symbol of the Men of Crete, who were known in Latin as the Cappadocians, and in the bible as the Philistines. They had come to the Land of Canaan from the island of Crete, that was known biblically as Caphtor. They were a class of warriors, priests, magicians and merchants. The frog was also known as a symbol of the Arcadians and the people of Argos as an emblem for them to keep at home, in what we know today as the Ancient Greek Empire.

In the 5th century BC, Plato had said that the Greeks had lived in “a small part of the world between the Pillars of Heracles and Phasis, living about the sea like ants or frogs around a pond.” This pond Plato was speaking about was actually more like a massive collective body of water consisting of, back then, all of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Aristotle would simply call the Greeks “frogs.”

Greek Gods

What we all need to understand, is that the Ancient Greeks were not only the pioneers of sea, they were also the inventors of modern-day philosophy and a new method of writing, in which they had used what is called ‘allegory.An allegory has a hidden spiritual meaning that transcends the literal sense of a sacred text. This can take the form of just any type of writing, from poems, to short stories, to massive epics. Allegorical writing is a way in which the author hides the true spiritual meaning of real life stories, behind words with similar meanings in the stories and poems they had written. Hence, this is why the Greeks had become frogs in their literature, and why we see them again in the bible in the plague of frogs that would wreak havoc and chaos upon Egypt.

The Greeks referring to themselves as frogs is a recurring theme in Greek literature such as the work of Homer titled, The combat between the Frogs and the Mice (Batrachomyomachia). We also find frogs again in the comedy,”The Frogs” by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes. It is a story of the god Dionysus, who, despairing of the state of Athens’ tragedians, travels to Hades to bring the playwright Euripides back from the dead.(Wikipedia)  This paragraph below is from the opening, and that I feel describes how the Ancient Greeks, such as Aristophanes were  thinking when they had included the symbology of frogs within their literature;

“But remember these men also, your own kinsmen, sire and son,
Who have oftimes fought beside you, spilt their blood on many seas;
Grant for that one fault the pardon which they crave you on their knees.
You whom nature made for wisdom, let your vengeance fall to sleep;
Greet as kinsmen and Athenians, burghers true to win and keep,
Whosoe’er will brave the storms and fight for Athens at your side!” —Murray translation, from l. 697(Wikipedia)

These same ancient frogs around the pond of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, who we know of as Greeks, must be the Plague of frogssame frogs spoken about in the bible as in Exodus 8, where it is said in the time of Moses that a plague of frogs was sent upon the Egyptians and the Pharaoh.

The Lord said to Moses: “Go to Pharaoh, and fay to him: ‘ Thus faith  ** the Lord: Let go my people, that they may serve me. For if thou refuse to let “go of my people, | lo! I will infest thy whole country with frogs. For the river shall 3 “so swarm with frogs, that they shall come up and enter into thy houses, and into “thy bed-chambers, and on thy beds; and into the houses of thy servants and of “thy people; and into thine ovens and thy kneading-troughs. On thyself, and on 4 ** all thy servants, and on all thy people shall the frogs come up.'”

In the bible they were called the Philistines or the Sea Peoples in Egypt who had invaded the land in a swarm of frogs. This story in Exodus details this and also how they had entered into every fabric of their culture, right down to the womb of the women, in which they had left their tadpoles who would later grow up to become the Greco-Egyptian Empire. It appears that from this point forward, the Greeks would be aligned with Egypt as mercenaries who ruled the Sea with complete approval and blessings from the Pharaohs of Egypt. Hence, they would be brothers not only in war, but also in blood, making this combined military force and navy the largest the world has ever seen. A military and commercial empire that would allow them to dominate the land and the seas easily for over 2,000 years, until approximately the arrival of the Scandinavian Vikings under the leadership of Prince Rus in the Byzantine Empire in the 9th Century AD.

As I mentioned above, the frogs were a symbol of Apollo for the Greeks, and in the bible these frogs had come upon Egypt like a plague. These frogs were the Greeks that Plato and Aristotle had spoken about. This makes sense because there is a tremendous amount of evidence supporting many centuries of Greek dominion and influence on Egypt. These facts can clearly be seen with some of the Hyksos Pharaohs, the Ramesside dynasties, and also the Greco-Egyptian Empire after the time Alexander the Great had conquered Egypt.

This same plague of frogs also appear to match who the Egyptians had called, the Sea Peoples. A people who came from the sea attacking Egypt and who were apparently of unknown origins. In all actuality, they were simply the Greeks who were called in the bible, the Philistines who were also known to be part of the Sea Peoples. The island we know today as Crete in Greece was said to be originally colonized by the people of Palestine. The name Palestine is derived from Philistine. The presence of the “unclean spirit” in the land (Palestine) is foretold, Zec 13:2, in connection with idolatrous prophets. They were said to have left Crete and arrived in Canaan at the beginning of the 12th century B.C.E. Their biblical tribe was part of the Sea Peoples, and the mercenary soldiers maintained by the kings after David, Philistines and Cretans are mentioned together. In the bible, they are referred to as the descendants of the Casluchim in Genesis 10:14 and Exodus 13:17. (Wikipedia)

With this information above, we can safely say that the Greeks were called frogs, and who in the bible were the plague of frogs who came upon Egypt. They would also be known as the Philistines, and on Egyptian monuments, they are the infamous and unknown Sea Peoples. These people had originally partly resided on the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, that we know of today as Crete, and that was once known as Caphtor and Palestine. The name Palestine is derived from the Philistines who we know were also the Men of Crete (Latin Cappadocians) and who were the mercenary soldiers maintained by the kings after David.

This same island of Crete happens to be the birthplace of the greatest of all Greek Gods, Zeus and had also birthed countless Greek legends that still last to this very day. The Cretans would be known under the Latin name of Cappadocians, and in the bible as the Philistines who would become known as a Tribe of Israel under the name of Benjamin. The English name Benjamin is derived from the Hebrew name, “Banu- Yamina,” meaning, “the Son of the right hand.” The Son of the right hand is described when Moses delivered Israel from Pharaoh, in which Moses became the “right hand of God.” Hence, follow the right hand path of God to heaven like Moses, or follow the left hand path of Cain or Lucifer to become fallen.

Frog headed goddess HeqetIn my article, Symbolism of the Frog; I had explained that in ancient Egypt, the frog was a symbol of regeneration and the amulet of the frog was associated with resurrection. There is a lamp of terra-cotta in the shape of a frog in an Egyptian Museum, with the inscription ETS1 EIMI ANATACIC: “I am the resurrection.” They also had a frog headed Goddess of resurrection who they called Heqt or Heqet pictured to the left;

This amulet is typical of teeming life and of the resurrection. The frog-headed goddess Heqt, the wife of Khnemu, was associated with the resurrection, and this amulet, when laid upon the body of the dead, was intended to transfer to it her power. The frog is often represented on the upper part of the Greek and Roman terra-cotta lamps which are found in Egypt, and on one of them written in Greek is the legend, “I am the “resurrection.”(2)

The Greeks and Romans associated frogs with the planet Venus for fertility and harmony, and also with the goddess Aphrodite. Later it appears that the symbology and worship of the frog was forbidden in the Roman Empire for in the Liber de Hcerisibus (xi.) of Philaster, Bishop of Brescia, the frog worshippers {ranarum cultores) are mentioned as a heretical Christian sect. It is no surprise to me that these people would be mainly of Greek or Eastern descent from the lands in which they had originaly come from to Rome. Here is an excerpt from the book, Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Architecture by Edward Payson Evans, that explains who these frog worshippers were;

and a law of the year 428 forbade Arians, Macedonians, and Batrachitians to reside within the limits of the Roman Empire. It may have been due to this tendency to worship frogs that their entrails were used as charms in ancient times (Juvenal, iii. 44), and prescribed as a potent medicament by mediaeval quacksalvers.

To the Jews, a frog is applied to a timid and degraded man, who morally turns and returns on all sides. The Hebrew name of the frog, is written in all vowels “TSPR,” meaning to turn, to convert one’s self, in a physical as in a moral sense; The second root of the name of the frog is Do, which signifies science, knowledge wisdom.

The Ancient Greeks of Crete were known to be Magi and also fire kindlers. Hence, they were the pagans and Jews of their day whose teachings were contrary to that of the church and deemed heretical. They had believed in reincarnation, and I assume would practice these rites in their places and temples where they were said to have worshiped the goddess of War, Ma. This may be the reason why in Europe the symbol of the frog was considered bad. It had went from being a symbol of fertility and resurrection in the East, to the Ancient Egyptians, Ancient Greek Arcadians and later with the Romans.

Three black frogs were the original arms of France and the first king of the Franks, Clovis who had three frogs in his original coat King Clovis frogsof arms. Clovis was the first king to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler (Pictured to the right). Over in Scotland, the frog is a symbol meaning good luck. However, we find this attitude towards the frog as a symbol of good  would later change to bad during the middle ages, in Christianized European folklore where frogs were now associated with witches, or familiar spirits who had magical powers.

FROGS OF THE APOCALYPSE

We see frogs again in the vision of Saint John in Revelation 16:13, where he sees a vision of the dragon, the beast and the false prophet spewing three unclean spirits out of their mouths in the form of frogs who create armies of the earth that Satan attempts to use to defeat the army of Christ from heaven.

I will leave you with some words by Homer from, “The Battle of the Frogs and Mice;”

Where in thick files the thronged combatants” ‘- ‘
Wave hi h their lances long (such as in force’_ u -‘ ‘
And number never filled embattled plain Since the dread Centaur-race, or impious brood
Of Giants). smiling asked, which heavenly powers
Would fight for Mice, and which for Frogs; and thus‘
Addressed Minerva: “ Thou, my daughter dear,
Wilt certes combat for the ,Mice; for these
Aye in thy shrine are skipping to and fro,
Pleased with the savory scraps of sacrifice.”

To whom Minerva: “ Never, mighty Sire,
My aid, however required, to that vile‘ race
0 Mice can I afford. To me they work
Evils innumerable, my chaplets oft
Nibbling, and dipping in my holy oil
Their sacrilegious whiskers; and, to fill

The measure of their crimes, they’ve spoiled my robe;

The robe that I with such expense and care‘, ~

Of finest thread and nicest texture wove.- ‘‘ ~

This have they spoiled, and witlmnseemly holes‘

Deformed, while me vile‘earthly duns beset

To pay the mender costs and interest; ‘

For ’twas of borrowed, and these demands

It moves my spleen to think I cannot pay.

Yet neither will I aid the Frogs; for they,

When fainting from the battle I return

And lay me down to rest, with ceaseless croak

Disturb my slumbers: often all night long

With aching head and unclosed eyes I lie

Tumbling, ’till cocks proclaim the rising morn.

But come, ye Powers, let’s leave them to themselves,

Nor venture there; for close and hand to hand

Their desperate combat‘ is, tho’ Gods oppose:

Here stand we, and overlook the conflict dire.” ‘ *
She spake; and strait the Gods, with one accord

Her words approving, all together throng.

Now forth from either host advanced in view‘ ‘

A herald steps, due signal to proclaim; _ V ,

While hovering beetles wind aloft in air ‘ ‘1‘ ‘1

The sullen blast of war; ‘and Jove on high

In thunders rolling o’er the welkin wide

Gives dreadful note of preparation.