The Mark of the Tau: Scripture, Consciousness, and the Biology of Salvation

The Mark of the Tau: Scripture, Consciousness, and the Biology of Salvation

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On March 5, 2025, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio had appeared on on Fox TV with a large black cross on his forehead as part of the Roman Catholic “Ash Wednesday” tradition that signifies the beginning of a 40-day period of penance, reflection and fasting leading up to Resurrection Sunday.

The ash used is traditionally made from burned palm fronds from the previous year’s Palm Sunday, mixed with holy water. As the priest applies it, they typically say the words “Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return,” a phrase drawn from Genesis 3:19, meant to remind believers of mortality and the need for repentance.

We can trace this ancient tradition of over 2,000 years to early Christians who also wore the mark.

The Church Fathers Tertullian, Origen, Cyprian, and Jerome said that Mark of the Tau was a Christian custom of repeatedly tracing the sign of the Tau cross on their own foreheads to symbolize the value of the human mind.

Tertullian confirms the practice when he writes that, throughout the ordinary actions of daily life, “we trace upon the forehead the sign.”

Scripture tells us that the saved people of Israel had the sign of the Tau marked upon their foreheads. In Revelation, the Tau is called “the seal of our God on the foreheads of His servants” (Revelation 7:2–4). Revelation’s sealing imagery recalls the protective mark described in Ezekiel 9:4–6.

The ancient symbol on the forehead invites the modern seeker to look deeper.

Scripture presents the Mark of the Tau as a mark of moral distinction, divine ownership, and protection; neuroscience presents as a protein with the same name at the center of memory, neuronal order, and degeneration.

As I will attempt to explain in this essay, these descriptions remind me of our immune system and microbiota, whose collective genes greatly outnumber our own. What our ancestors may have called ministering spirits or angels inhabit and influence our gastrointestinal tracts, blood, and brain—exerting a direct influence upon our senses, that is, our thoughts, behaviors, actions, and health.

This essay explores how our microbiota, together with the teachings of the Tau and salvation, may relate to religion, esotericism, human biology, neuroscience, and quality of life.

Like the angels of the Bible, modern science has shown that these microscopic inhabitants help shape the human mind and, in doing so, the destiny of mankind.

We also find today that tau pathology is the primary cause of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which involve the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in the brain and are collectively referred to as tauopathies. Deaths from Alzheimer’s disease have increased 134% between 2000 and 2024.

A 2026 review calls the gut-brain axis “a dynamic, bidirectional communication network” integrating neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways that regulate physiology and behavior.

This science converges with ancient Scripture, as we find that the Mark of the Tau was for the guidance of the angelic executors of God’s commands—a mark or sign of favorable distinction.

These angels are said to be the executors of God’s wrath and also to deliver people, such as Lot, from danger (Genesis 18–19; Exodus 12–14). As St. Paul says, “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” He then asks, ““Are they not all ministering spirits, sent to minister for them, who shall receive the inheritance of salvation?” (Hebrews 1:14).

The word ministering means learning about and attending to others’ needs or helping or caring for someone or something.

It is as if these angels or spirits were with us at all times or were sewn into the fabric of our being and bodies from the day we were created.

St. Basil (Homily on Psalm 43) said that our guardian angels can act upon our senses (Summa Theologiae, I, q. 111, a. 4) and upon our imaginations (ibid., a. 3), but not upon our wills except per modum suadentis—that is, by working on our intellect and thus upon our will through the senses and the imagination (I, q. 106, a. 2; q. 111, a. 2).

Aquinas writes, “Both a good and a bad angel by their own natural power can move the human imagination,” while maintaining that the will remains free to consent or resist.

The prophet Ezekiel speaks of the Tau as the mark distinguishing those who were to be saved, on account of their sorrow for their sins, from those who, as idolaters, were to be slain.

The Hebrew word translated as “mark” is taw, the name of the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and commentators note that its ancient written form resembled a cross.

“Go through the city, walk through Jerusalem, and mark Tau upon the foreheads of the men who sigh and mourn for all the abominations that are committed in the midst thereof.

“To the others, I heard the Lord say: ‘Pass through the city after him and strike! Do not look on them with pity or show any mercy! Old men, youths and maidens, women and children—wipe them out! But do not touch anyone marked with the Tau on the forehead. Begin at My sanctuary’” (Ezekiel 9:4–6).

It is as if the people of Jerusalem were divided into two camps based on their mental health.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia:

The cross as a Christian symbol or “seal” came into use at least as early as the second century (see Apost. Const. iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi–xii; Justin, Apologia, i. 55–60; Dial. cum Tryph. 85–97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, De Corona, iii; Cyprian, Testimonies, xi. 21–22; Lactantius, Divinæ Institutiones, iv. 27, and elsewhere).

Christians used to swear by the power of the cross (Apocalypse of Mary, viii, in James, Texts and Studies, iii, 118).

Tertullian says, “Frontem crucis signaculo terimus” (De Corona, iii)—that is, “We Christians wear out our foreheads with the sign of the cross.” He also said, “The Greek letter Tau and our Latin letter T are the true form of the cross, which, according to the Prophet, will be imprinted on our foreheads in the true Jerusalem” (Against Marcion, III, xxii).

The original meaning of Tau—Taw or Tav—in Hebrew is “mark.” It was the twenty-second letter of the alphabet and later came to represent the letter T in Greek.

The mark was how God’s angelic executors were able to find, save, or destroy people based on how they thought, spoke, lived, and acted.

“For He shall give His angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways” (Psalm 91:11).

On one side, there were people who were said to be truly sorry for their sins and adamantly opposed to the culture of sin, idolatry, and abominations.

They were said to be marked by the Lord with the Tau in order to be saved.

This means that the people chosen by God to be saved by the mark of the Tau seemed to have control and power over their own bodies and minds.

It was a type of spiritual mark or metaphysical representation that acted as a sign for the people chosen by God to be saved because they were not controlled by the supernatural or infernal forces of Satan or the Devil.

These people who had the mark were also adamantly opposed to sin and the evil acts committed by their fellow countrymen.

On the other side of the camp were the damned.

These were people who accepted and encouraged the sins of Sodom and, in doing so, bore the mark of the theta upon their foreheads.

They were under the direct control of Satan or the Devil—a type of beast that was no longer human.

They were people our ancestors may have called demons or people possessed by the Devil.

Today, we can say they simply lost their minds. Schizoid. . . .

In doing so, they were marked by ministering spirits for destruction and death.

THE TAU PROTEIN

I find these ancient biblical stories interesting because, as they relate to modern times, we find what is called the tau protein, which is found mainly in the neurons of the central nervous system and in the brain’s frontal lobe, under the forehead. Modern reviews describe tau as a major microtubule-associated protein in mature neurons.

It is associated with the mark of the Tau on the forehead of the early Christians as an indication of a sound or strong mind and, as I will show, human consciousness.

This supports my contention that tau is involved in the creative processes and in preserving the health of the brain, as well as in destructive processes, as I will show.

Tau is a phosphoprotein—a protein that contains chemically bound phosphate—critical to neuronal function, memory, cellular activity, and habituation, a form of non-associative learning. As one modern review states, “Tau plays a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics, axonal transport and neurite outgrowth,” and these functions are modulated through site-specific phosphorylation.

Tau is phosphorylated in a normal, healthy brain, and it becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Hyperphosphorylated tau forms a major component of the paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer’s disease.

The phosphorylation process plays a key role in metabolism and immune response. It plays a critical role in regulating much of what determines our health and lifespan through cell cycles, growth, and apoptosis.

A protein being phosphorylated is like drinking an energy drink before a workout—it prepares a molecule for some specialized task.

It is what I believe is the “energy beacon” or antenna that fungi and molds use as a signaling pathway within the host, one that can regulate or corrupt protein activity and alter the expression of many genes at the cellular level.

Cells also secrete various proteins that become part of the extracellular matrix or participate in intercellular communication.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which protons move through ATP synthase, releasing energy that causes the rotor and central shaft of ATP synthase to rotate. The mechanical energy from this rotation is converted into chemical energy as phosphate is added to ADP to form ATP. Biochemical research describes ATP synthase as a rotary motor driven by an electrochemical proton gradient.

The release of a phosphate group from ATP through hydrolysis releases usable energy and changes ATP to ADP.

The word phosphorus derives from the Greek phōsphoros, meaning “light-bearer.”

In Latin, the corresponding word is lucifer, meaning “light-bringer” or “morning star.”

“How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!” (Isaiah 14:12).

Phosphorus also helps nerves and muscles do their jobs. In the form of phospholipids, phosphorus is a component of cell-membrane structure and of the body’s key energy source, adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. The National Institutes of Health identifies phosphorus as a component of bones, teeth, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and ATP.

The tau protein helps make sure the brain operates properly by supporting neuronal transport and microtubule stability, which are necessary for overall neurological fitness. It is a microtubule-associated protein, or MAP (Weingarten et al., 1975; Witman et al., 1976).

Researchers describe tau’s role in microtubule stabilization and axonal transport as crucial to neuronal function.

Physicist Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford claimed that the brain acts as a quantum computer and that protein structures called microtubules play a role in human consciousness by exploiting quantum effects. Penrose and anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff developed this proposal as the Orchestrated Objective Reduction, or Orch OR, theory, which attributes conscious experience to proposed quantum processes in neuronal microtubules.

This may explain why, when the tau protein is corrupted by some process, it creates mental pathologies that lead people to lose their minds, memories, and consciousness.

After all, a quantum effect is the change that one quantum system causes in another.

Since tau’s health and regulation are critical for brain function, this may explain why tau pathology, or tauopathies, leads to cognitive impairment, mental illness, and diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Scientific reviews link tau’s misfolding, abnormal hyperphosphorylation, loss of normal function, and toxic gain of function to Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

It is as if there is an underlying or hidden cause that creates the effects of these mental illnesses and diseases, and tau is a key marker of these conditions.

The metaphysical and biological mark of those who are not to be saved—the damned.

Hence: “Pass through the city after him and strike! Do not look on them with pity or show any mercy! Old men, youths and maidens, women and children—wipe them out! But do not touch anyone marked with the Tau on the forehead. Begin at My sanctuary” (Ezekiel 9:4–6).

The mark, I contend, may have been the tau protein, which acts like a cellular signal or magnet of sorts for the angelic executors of God’s commands to destroy the mentally ill and some who are so sick that they act like what our ancestors may have called evil demons.

This story becomes even more interesting as it relates to the science of the human mind and human behavior.

Scripture tells us that Jesus, a thirty-three-year-old wise man from the land of Judea—Idumea, Crete—was brought to Golgotha, also known as the “Place of a Skull,” and crucified upon a Tau cross with two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle. John states, “Carrying His own cross, He went out to the Place of the Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha” (John 19:17).

Miraculously, after the crucifixion upon the Tau cross, Jesus is resurrected.

The original Phoenician, or Hebrew, meaning of resurrect or resurrection is “raising up” or “rising up”—to cause someone to stand or rise, or to raise someone from sleep or from the dead. To resurrect is for man to be “raised up” to live in the spiritual realms, or what is called being “born again” or “born from above”—spiritually regenerated (John 3:3–5).

Man is “raised up together, and made to sit together in the heavenly places,” or spiritual realms, in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:1, 5–6; Colossians 2:12–13).

We can say that man is now conscious and aware, raised from his former ignorant state of being medically brain-dead and controlled by sin—“The soul who sins will die” (Ezekiel 18:20).

“The wages of sin is death” (Romans 6:23), which is the repayment you receive from being your own “god.”

Hence, although physically alive, you can be spiritually “dead” (1 Timothy 5:6; Revelation 3:1).

The death of Jesus is not the end of His life or a state of nonexistence, but the separation of the mind from the Light, or what Christians call the “Source of Life—God the Father.”

The resurrection of Jesus represents His rising from a metaphysical, sleep-like state, or from being unenlightened, to become righteous—that is, enlightened by the power of Almighty God, His Father.

It is as if He was formerly in a sleep-like state under the sway of the Devil, which would be a sentence of mental illness and disease that would equate to death.

This is why, in ancient Christian iconography, Jesus with a halo is often depicted in a cloud of light, pointing toward the heavens with His right hand.

In His left hand, He holds the Tau cross as He stands upon the Devil, whom He has conquered but who is still alive as he clutches a human skull. In Byzantine resurrection art, the cross could function as a symbol of victory, while skull imagery commonly represented Golgotha, Adam’s grave, and Christ’s victory over death.

Jesus Christ is called the substitute Adam or the “last Adam,” who tasted death and overcame death on our behalf. He went to Hell to experience eternal death on our behalf (Hebrews 2:9; 1 Corinthians 15:45–47).

The Spirit of God raised Him from the grave, triumphant over all the powers of darkness that had sought to hold Him in their grip (Psalm 22:6–8, 14–18).

The resurrection of the righteous rests on their union with God through Christ (John 5:28–29).

The resurrection symbolizes the awakening and enlightenment of consciousness that occurs when someone stops abusing himself and others, or what Christians call “sinning.”

This is when a person like Jesus truly uses his senses and brain to think and process information—to use logic and reason rather than merely react emotionally or regurgitate knowledge.

The Hebrews would have called such a person behemah, or a behemoth, and the Greeks would have called such people automatons. In Scripture, they are referred to as beasts, so-called men whose number is 666, representing the carbon matter in which their minds dwell and by which they are controlled.

For, “If Jesus Christ is not risen, then our preaching is empty and your faith is also empty. . . . You are still in your sins!” (1 Corinthians 15:14, 17).

The ancient Tau would signify a metaphysical seal or sign in a person’s head indicating that he was a servant, or light, of God, as in the case of the “resurrected Jesus.”

In John 19:17, we read, “Carrying His own cross, He went out to the Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.” We also read, “At the place where Jesus was crucified, there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had ever been laid” (John 19:41).

Saint Mark (14:32) calls it chorion, “a place” or “estate”; St. John (18:1) speaks of it as kepos, a “garden” or “orchard.” In the East, a field shaded by numerous fruit trees and surrounded by a wall of loose stone or a quickset hedge forms the el bostan, the garden (Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913).

The word chorion, from the Greek chōros, means a uniquely designated land: anything from a garden to an estate, a country or territory, or even a whole realm, such as the realm of the dead.

The Galatians of the Bible descended from the Gauls, and in Paul’s famous complaint about the foolish Galatians who had allowed themselves to become bewitched (Galatians 3:1), he also appears to state that the Gauls had reached Christ-awareness but lost it.

Tau is found in the nuclei of neurons. Tau pathology is the main cause of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which involve the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in the brain and are referred to collectively as tauopathies.

Nuclear tau has been localized near rDNA and within regions involved in rDNA transcription and pre-rRNA processing, leading researchers to propose roles in chromosomal stability, transcription, and rRNA maturation.

Within these people’s brains are neurofibrillary tangles—intracellular aggregates of tau-protein filaments—and amyloid plaques, which are extracellular aggregates of amyloid-beta peptides. Researchers have suggested that tau may participate in rRNA-coding DNA transcription and rRNA processing. Modern reviews identify amyloid-beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles as major pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.

In my article, “Memory Stealers: How Fungi (Molds) Steal a Person’s Memories”, I explain how several studies have shown that the autopsied brains of Alzheimer’s patients were infected with, often, multiple types of fungi or molds. Published studies have reported fungal proteins, DNA, cells, and hyphae in brain samples from Alzheimer’s patients, and one sequencing study found five fungal genera common to all nine patients examined.

This becomes fascinating because the Tau cross is historically associated with Saint Anthony of Egypt and became known as Saint Anthony’s cross, while the fungal disease ergotism later became known as Saint Anthony’s fire.

Medical historians identify “St. Anthony’s fire” with several conditions across time, including ergotism, erysipelas, and herpes zoster, with gangrenous ergotism forming one major historical use of the name.

It was known as Holy Fire—Ignis Sacer—or St. Anthony’s Fire in the Middle Ages because of the burning sensations that resulted in the body rotting or decaying through gangrene of the limbs. Medical literature describes medieval ergotism as poisoning caused by eating rye contaminated with Claviceps purpurea, producing burning pain, vasoconstriction, and gangrene.

Ergot made people mentally ill by causing them to appear agitated, hallucinate, convulse, and behave as if they were crazy or demon-possessed. Historical accounts distinguish convulsive ergotism from gangrenous ergotism, both caused by alkaloids from ergot-contaminated grain.

If the fungal disease was left untreated, it restricted blood flow to an infected person’s extremities, resulting in gangrene in the later stages and causing fingers, toes, hands, and feet to drop from the body.

This reminds me of what we call diabetes today.

It is a disease that can cause the limbs to rot and decay to the point that they must be amputated.

This condition may be the source of “dancing epidemics.” Dancing epidemics, also known as dancing plagues or tarantism, occurred between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries CE. Various medieval chronicles described groups of people engaging in this behavior, sometimes for months on end.

Medical historians agree that the precise cause remains uncertain, although ergot poisoning, psychogenic illness, religious ritual, and social distress have all been proposed.

These dances appeared to be involuntary and were possibly the result of ergot poisoning, vengeful spirits, supernatural fears, the bite of a tarantula or scorpion, and the distress of poverty and hardship in everyday life, combined with natural disasters.

In honor of St. Anthony’s life and struggles, the Order of Hospitallers of St. Anthony was established in 1095 CE in the medieval French province of Dauphiné. The order established centers to care for people afflicted with ergotism, and it became known for treating those suffering from the disease.

The walls of the hospital were painted red to mimic the burning sensations experienced by those suffering from the illness.

The monks wore black robes adorned with a blue Tau cross.

Conclusion

The mark of the tau challenges every generation to remain conscious.

It asks whether the individual can recognize corruption without becoming corrupted, confront suffering without surrendering reason, and explore hidden knowledge without abandoning truth.

That is where ancient wisdom and modern science can meet.

Microbes and immune messengers attend to countless biological needs without conscious direction. They can support health, respond to threats, and influence the chemical environment in which thought and emotion occur.

They are not literally angels, according to science. Yet a modern gnostic may treat the comparison as a symbolic bridge: what earlier cultures personified as invisible powers, modern laboratories may describe as cellular systems, microbial ecologies, and biochemical messengers.

The ancient tau signifies a seal in the forehead of God’s servants.

It identifies those whose minds remain alive to corruption and whose conduct reflects that awareness.

The tau on the forehead marks those who still see.

The tau within neurons participates in the architecture that allows human beings to perceive, remember, and respond.

One belongs to revelation and symbol; the other belongs to molecular biology.

The disciplined reading therefore separates three levels:

  • Scripture presents a theological drama of sin, judgment, salvation, death, and resurrection.

  • Esoteric interpretation reads that drama as an inner transformation of consciousness.

  • Neuroscience studies the biological structures and processes that make memory, cognition, and behavior possible.

These levels can converse without collapsing into one another.

Modern tau is a protein essential to neuronal organization.

When properly regulated, it supports microtubule dynamics and axonal transport; when pathologically altered, it can aggregate into structures associated with dementia and the erosion of memory.

According to Statista, today, Alzheimer’s disease, is among the top ten leading causes of death in the U.S. as well as worldwide. Furthermore, over the past two decades, the number of deaths due to Alzheimer’s and other dementias in the United States increased by over 140 percent.

Initial symptoms include difficulties in memory and mood changes, but the disease gradually progresses to impair communication and judgment, behavioral changes, and deficits in movement and motor skills, such as difficulties with swallowing, which often becomes a contributing cause of death.

“The wages of sin is death” (Romans 6:23), which is the repayment you receive from being your own “god.”

Infographic: Rate of Alzheimer’s Cases in the U.S. Has Doubled Since 2000 | Statista

References

The Extracellular Matrix: How fungi communicate and highjack the human body

The Extracellular Matrix: How fungi communicate and highjack the human body

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Studies have shown that Fungi (Latin) or Molds (English) are microorganisms that can infect and take over the biological systems of humans.

They are so small, we cannot see them. But if we could, we would find that we live in a type of micoorganistic web that envelops all life and the entire globe within its filements.

Peer reviews studies over the last couple decades have found that they have the unique ability to possess, infiltrate, and control other organisms including plants, insects, animals and humans.

Many people today do not realize how these unseen forces like fungi play a large role in molding and human biology as it relates to microbial ecology, host-pathogen interactions, and cellular communication networks.

As we continue to unveil the mysteries of this intricate interplay, we open up new avenues for research and innovation that revolutionize our perception of the microbial world and its myriad of interactions.

One of the main methods or communication networks that fungi use to handle these tasks is via extracellular vesicles or EVs.

Fungi (Molds) don’t just release spores and toxins into the air. They send out tiny biological packages called extracellular vesicles (EVs) — nanoscale lipid-wrapped particles loaded with genetic material, proteins, enzymes, and virulence factors.

These aren’t accidental byproducts.

They are targeted delivery systems.

And they are designed to infiltrate your immune system, rewire your biology, and help fungal pathogens survive inside your body according to peer-reviewed studies from the NIH, PubMed, and major research institutions worldwide confirming that fungal EVs are active agents of human illness.

Think of a fungal extracellular vesicle as a biological delivery envelope.

It is a sphere wrapped in a lipid bilayer — the same type of membrane that surrounds every human cell — and it is packed with cargo the fungus deliberately loads inside it.

As a 2026 review published in World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology described them, fungal EVs are “sophisticated emissaries in cross-kingdom communication,” not mere cellular debris — they are “actively exported across the fungal cell wall via complex biogenesis mechanisms”.

That cargo includes nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), enzymes, lipids, polysaccharides, and virulence-related proteins. The fungus releases these vesicles across its cell wall and into the surrounding environment, including directly into human tissue during active infection.

The first EVs were observed in Aspergillus nidulans in 1972 and in Cryptococcus neoformans in 1973, but serious investigation into their role in human infection only intensified in the 2000s.

Today, fungal EVs have been identified in species including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Malassezia sympodialis, and Sporothrix brasiliensis — covering a wide range of organisms that affect everyday people in their homes and workplaces.

How Fungi/Molds Infiltrate the Human Body

Interactions between cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a fascinating yet often overlooked aspect of human cellular and fungi communication.

Understanding how fungi release and uptake extracellular vesicles is essential for unraveling the intricate dance of communication between fungi and their environment. They have evolved over millions of years sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate host cells and evade immune responses.

These microscopic couriers transport their cargo across biological barriers allowing extracellular vesicles to influence cellular functions, modulate immune responses, and participate in the regulation of physiological processes.

When fungi grow within our bodies, they release EVs that create an extracellular filamentous matrix of biofilm around their hosts (victims), which acts as a protective layer against other microorganisms and antifungal drugs (Taff et al., 2012; Zarnowski et al., 2021).

For example, the fungus, Candida albicans, which resides in the human microbiome can regulate fungal virulence and biofilm formation via EVs (Honorato et al., 2022; Kulig et al., 2022).

The uptake of extracellular vesicles by fungi is a dynamic process that involves interactions between the vesicles and the fungal cell surface. Fungi have specific receptors and mechanisms for recognizing and internalizing extracellular vesicles.

Once internalized, the cargo carried by the vesicles can be released into the fungal cell, where it can modulate various cellular processes.

In biology, cell signaling is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. This environment is in actuality an intricate web of filaments and cellular conversations that occur unseen within and around us.

Typically, the signaling process involves three components: The signal, the receptor, and the effector.

By interacting with EVs, fungi can hijack cellular communication pathways, deliver virulence factors, and promote their survival and proliferation within the host.

This interaction is particularly significant in the context of fungal pathogenesis, as it can influence the outcome of infections and the severity of disease manifestations.

Over recent years, the incidence of invasive fungal infections has surged, shedding light on the intricate role of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating intercellular communication and host-pathogen interactions. Moreover, recent research has shed light on the role of fungi EVs in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases.

Thus influencing the dynamics of fungal-host cell interplay that can facilitate wound healing and when conditions are ripe, induce tissue damage, inflammatory responses, and various diseases.

How They Cross Into the Human Body

Here is the part that should concern every homeowner dealing with a mold problem: fungal EVs are small enough to penetrate biological barriers that would stop most fungal particles.

These vesicles range from as small as 30 nanometers to over 1 micron in size — well within the size range that penetrates the respiratory tract, crosses mucosal membranes, and enters the bloodstream.

During active infection, they have been detected directly in human blood and urine, confirming that they are circulating through the body of infected patients.

A 2024 study published by de Rezende and colleagues — later indexed through the NIH — examined EVs from the serum and urine of patients with confirmed infections from Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

The researchers found that EVs from infected patients carried distinct lipid profiles — including sphingosine and phytosphingosine — not found in healthy control subjects, confirming the EVs were being produced during active human infection and circulating through biological fluids.

Fungal infections enter through two main routes: extrinsic (environmental fungi inhaled or absorbed from the outside) and intrinsic (fungi already present in the gut microbiome that become opportunistic under the right conditions).

Once inside a host, the fungi begin releasing EVs as part of their strategy to establish and maintain infection.

Genetic Material That Alters Human Gene Expression

Perhaps the most alarming aspect of fungal EVs is their ability to deliver RNA into human cells — and change how those cells behave.

Fungal EVs carry messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and other nucleic acid classes. Research on Candida albicans infection identified 10 up-regulated long non-coding RNAs in host cells that were specifically associated with infection, particularly related to “the response to injury”.

This suggests that fungal EVs may be actively reprogramming human gene expression to create a more favorable environment for fungal survival.

This is not a passive interaction.

The fungi appear to be using their EVs to send molecular instructions into human cells — instructions that alter immune responses, inflammatory signaling, and cellular behavior.

Comandering and taking over the very bodily systems that make us human

Immune Evasion: The Double-Edged Manipulation

The immune system’s response to fungal EVs is complicated — and that complexity is exactly what fungi exploit.

As a 2023 review in Frontiers in Microbiology described it, fungal EVs play a “double-edged sword” role: they can both stimulate and suppress the immune response, depending on the species, the concentration, and the specific cargo.

Fungi appear to have developed the ability to modulate which direction the immune response goes — triggering just enough inflammation to avoid being ignored, while simultaneously suppressing the responses that would eliminate them.

Cryptococcus neoformans EVs demonstrate this perfectly. On one hand, they trigger macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide — pro-inflammatory signals. On the other hand, the same EVs carry GXM and stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10, which suppress the immune system’s killing capacity.

The fungus essentially steps on the gas and the brakes at the same time, creating a state of immune confusion.

Candida albicans takes this even further.

Its EVs have been shown to activate complement receptor 3 (CR3) on monocytes, causing those monocytes to produce TGF-1-transporting vesicles of their own — human vesicles that then “suppress the immune response in blood vessels” and “attenuate systemic infection”.

The fungus hijacks the body’s own EV system to do its bidding.

ATP: The Unseen Fuel Fungi Exploit

One of the main extracellular signaling chemicals within the human body for fungi that also plays both a central role as an intracellular energy source is Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP).

ATP is the primary energy currency of all living cells, from fungi and bacteria to plants and animals; if biological importance were ranked, it sits at the top of the pyramid.

ATP is the unseen fuel that makes the world go round, or more properly, oscillate clockwise, which is essential for various cellular processes, including brain function, muscle contraction, biosynthesis, and active transport processes in cells.

ATP synthesis is the process by which ATP is produced, typically occurring in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells through cellular respiration by our microbiome. During this process, energy is generated and stored in the form of ATP, ready to be used for various cellular functions.

Active transport moves molecules or ions against their concentration gradient — a process requiring ATP hydrolysis — occurring either into cells (endocytosis) or out of them (exocytosis).

A prime example is the absorption of phosphorus by plant roots or our own microbiome. By contrast, passive transport moves ions from higher to lower concentration without energy expenditure, as in gas exchange in the lungs.

A bodily process that would require this active transport of energy to operate would be our brains in the act of thinking and problem solving.

On the contrary, passive transport moves ions from a higher concentration to lower concentration without any ATP energy like in the exchange of gases in the lungs and the exchange of nutrients in the kidneys.

ATP is created when we eat food, especially meat and dairy products.

When food is consumed, it undergoes digestion by our microbiome — i.e., fungi and bacteria — which we feed to break down our food into vitamins and ATP energy.

Without this community of microbes that lives symbiotically within and around us, we would not be able to break down the food we eat. Hence, we would simply not exist.

This is why they can become parasitic when we do not give these microbes the nutrients they require — as if there is an autonomous kill switch within our cells that turns on when we transgress against these natural laws.

Instead of eating the good food we supply them with, they will eat us, and the science proves this.

My contention is that this relationship can be compared to a master and slave dynamic, in that we are the slaves and they are our masters.

Gnostic Warrior Conclusion

Fungal extracellular vesicles are not a theoretical concern — they are an active biological reality unfolding inside homes, lungs, and bloodstreams right now.

These organisms are not passive invaders mindlessly releasing random toxins.

They are executing coordinated operations at the nanoscale, deploying molecular payloads with a precision that challenges everything mainstream medicine assumes about fungal pathogenicity.

We are not dealing with a simple mold problem.

We are witnessing a hidden war being waged at a global scale the naked eye cannot see and that conventional medicine has barely begun to acknowledge.

The ancient Gnostics understood that the most dangerous forces are the ones operating in concealment — and nowhere is that principle more relevant than here.

In Gnostic cosmology, archons (Greek: árchōn, meaning “ruler”) are described as malevolent cosmic rulers who govern the material world and keep souls imprisoned within it.

The Gnostic text Reality of the Rulers (Hypostasis of the Archons) describes them as having “bodies that are both female and male, and faces that are the faces of beasts” — boundary-crossing entities of chaos.

Their primary function is enforcing ignorance, feeding off human passions, and preventing spiritual ascension.

The microbes within us — bacteria, fungi, parasites — behave with a kind of ruthless autonomy that mirrors the archon’s role as internal ruler.

When well-fed and balanced, they are symbiotic partners. But when deprived of proper nutrition, gut parasites can literally re-engineer the internal ecosystem, alter tight junctions, invade epithelial cells, and cause dysbiosis — essentially turning against the host.

They are, in a very real biological sense, both female and male, and faces that are the faces of beasts with teeth that appear to be our defacto rulers.

Gnosticism teaches that humans carry a divine spark trapped within material constraints, and that liberation comes through self-knowledge rather than submission.

The knowledge exists.

The question is whether you will act on it.

References

Until you Make the Unconscious, Conscious: The Science of Bottom Up Thinking

Until you Make the Unconscious, Conscious: The Science of Bottom Up Thinking

by

Until you make the unconscious, conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate.” — Carl Gustav Jung, Psychology and Alchemy (1944)

Most people never notice the invisible hand at work — quietly pulling them back into the same bad behaviors, the same broken relationships, and the same traps they swore they’d never fall into again.

It operates below awareness, buried in old wounds and unexamined beliefs, running the show while the conscious mind convinces itself it’s finally in control.

The cycle doesn’t break itself. Most never even know there’s a cycle to break.

Some people call it fate. Some call it luck and others call it destiny.

Carl Jung called it something far more confronting: the unconscious mind operating without supervision.

This single sentence by Jung lays bare one of the most unsettling truths of modern psychology—that the grand architect of your life may not be you at all, but the hidden hand of your own psyche of secretly pulling the strings of your very being.

The people who do understand and get to know this unconscious part of themselves, are often victims of their own device.

A type of human puppet or automaton without a soul on a suicide mission.

As the ancient Delphic oracle commanded: “Know thyself,” and the The Hermetic axiom “As above, so below” we finds a striking parallel to Jungian philosophy and cognitive science: the mind’s architecture mirrors the universe’s hierarchy.

The lower (sensory, reactive) must be integrated with the higher (rational, transcendent) to produce genuine wisdom.

In the language of cognitive science, thinking styles exist on a spectrum between the lower and higher mind.

We also know today that we have a brain in our heads that has two separate sections or hemispheres with the left and right having specific functions and connections within the human body.

Research shows us that our brains in our skulls are permanently connected to our gastrointenstinal tracts in the stomach via the gut-brain axis.

Johns Hopkins Medicine describes the ENS as so sophisticated that it can operate largely independently of the brain, leading researchers to informally call it “the second brain.”

Studies have proven that the human body houses two interconnected nervous systems engaged in constant, bidirectional dialogue—a discovery that forces a fundamental reconsideration of how consciousness and perception actually work.

For example, Research into what scientists now call the gut-brain axis reveals that the human body houses two interconnected nervous systems engaged in constant, bidirectional dialogue—a discovery that forces a fundamental reconsideration of how consciousness and perception actually work.

Neuroscientists now describe cognition as a synthesis of bottom-up processing—raw sensory data streaming in from the environment—and top-down processing—the brain’s learned expectations, memories, and emotional states shaping how that data is interpreted.

In the language of cognitive science, thinking styles exist on a spectrum between two poles.

What is now becoming clear is that the gut, i.e. “the second brain” not only participates actively in this loop, but it can control it 100%.

Meaning, in some people today, especially with mental illness, this loop has been broken.

A broken loop that I contend can make someone lose their ability to be able to process information from the top down.

A person have lost the ability to truly think rationally, logically and act responsibly with the brain in their skulls.

Instead, they are secretly controlled by the organisms in their second brain who are controlling the nervous system like the strings on a puppet.

An all to often common event that can cause humans to become programmable automans based on the input of information over the course of their lives.

In order to understand human cognition, you need to that these two brains have different functions and abilities as it relates to thinking.

Much of our days are spent reacting without thinking because we are hardwired to operate without having to consciously think.

The two hemispheres in our brain along with our gut (second brain), the right and left have different functions in processing this information.

The right hemisphere is associated with automatic bottom-up processing and awareness of information holistically and relationally.

The left hemisphere is associated with top-down processing and focused attention to analyze and conceptualize information for language processing, logical thought, and simplifies information for easier processing.

Top-down thinking begins with a conceptual schema — a pre-existing framework, assumption, or narrative — and uses incoming data to confirm or adjust it.

A top-down thinker enters a room and immediately categorizes it: meeting room, formal, hierarchical. Their perception is shaped and filtered by inherited expectation.

Bottom-up thinking works in the opposite direction entirely.

The bottom-up thinker enters the same room and first registers its individual components: the hum of a fluorescent light, the power dynamics implicit in the seating arrangement, the emotional temperature of the people present.

Only after processing these granular inputs does a larger picture assemble.

As Simply Psychology researchers have documented, bottom-up processors “may focus more on specific parts of information rather than integrating it holistically” — a tendency that grants remarkable precision in detail but creates vulnerability to incomplete synthesis under pressure.

Obviously, we are still making decisions and reacting but this is done on the subconscious level as we move back and forth between conscious and unconscious forms of thought.

For example, how many of us speak and engage with one another is often done with little thought.

Scientists call this bottom up thinking.

Understanding bottom-up thinking — the cognitive architecture of those who act before they think — is not merely an academic exercise.

It is a map to one of the most misunderstood forms of human intelligence ever documented.

Bottom-up thinking is also known as condensed inner speech, which is the final stage of how we internalize our thoughts as we learn language and to talk to ourselves inside our heads. This concept was studied by psychologists like Vygotsky in 1934, Galperin in 1957, and Sokolov in 1967.

At this point, it happens naturally and without us even realizing it.

Meaning, some of our thoughts have now become automattic allowing habit formation.

Instead of using full sentences, we often just think in single words or phrases that match what we’re experiencing at the moment.

This type of speech happens in our minds that connects closely with our thinking, but it is automatic and autonomous.

It’s like how we automatically recognize sights and sounds, without really thinking about it—our brain processes it all in the background.

This would be what science calls a bottom–up perception of sensory input, most of which is processed automatically through implicit/unconscious neural mechanisms.

This bottom-up processing contributes to the development and execution of our habits, which are automatic behaviors, AKA repetitive actions that have become ingrained into our being and can be triggered by environmental cues without conscious thought.

In social interactions, this allows for rapid processing of facial expressions and body language guides our responses in social situations.

For people who engage in activities like sports or playing musical instruments, bottom-up processing allows for quick, fluid movements based on sensory feedback.

This process begins with the raw sensory data received by our sensory receptors and moves “up” to higher-level cognitive processing.

This allows humans to have quick reactions to environmental stimuli, which is crucial for survival and everyday functioning.

Rather than beginning with a broad conceptual framework and inserting details to confirm it, the bottom-up thinker starts with raw pieces of reality and gradually assembles them into a coherent whole.

In the language of formal logic, this is an inductive approach: evidence leads to theory, not the reverse.

It helps filter relevant sensory data, allowing us to focus on important cues.

The contrast with top-down thinking is stark and consequential.

Top-down thinking begins with the big picture — a pre-existing mental schema, an established expectation, a narrative inherited from culture or authority.

A top-down thinker looks at a room and immediately “reads” its social purpose.

A bottom-up thinker first registers the ticking clock, the quality of light, the texture of a surface, the emotional undercurrent in a voice — and only later assembles these raw percepts into something meaningful.

As researchers at Simply Psychology summarize it: bottom-up processors “may focus more on specific parts of information rather than integrating it holistically”.

In the simplest terms available: bottom-up thinking is data first, categorize later.

Act now, think later.

The modern rehabilitation of gut intelligence is largely credited to Dr. Michael D. Gershon of Columbia University, whose landmark 1998 book The Second Brain reignited scientific interest in the enteric nervous system (ENS).

Gershon described the bowel as “the only organ that contains an intrinsic nervous system able to mediate reflexes in complete absence of input from the brain or spinal cord,” and noted that the gut represented “a vast chemical warehouse featuring every class of neurotransmitter found in the brain”.

The human ENS contains between 200 and 600 million neurons—a complexity rivaling that of the spinal cord itself. It was the gut’s capacity to operate entirely independently of the cranial brain that led Gershon to call it the “second brain.”

Yet as Gershon himself noted, independence does not mean isolation: “While it’s no help in matters of philosophy, poetry, and other forms of deep thought, this second brain and how it interacts with the first one is a key factor in our physical and mental well-being”.

The Vagus Nerve: The Body and Minds Secret Highway

The primary communication channel between these two brains is the vagus nerve—cranial nerve X—one of the longest and most complex nerves in the human body.

A 2018 review published in Frontiers in Psychiatry described the vagus nerve as “the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate”.

Crucially, the vagus nerve sends information in both directions, but approximately 80–90 percent of its fibers carry signals upward, from gut to brain—not downward.

The body, in other words, is informing the mind far more often than the mind is directing the body.

The microbiome housed in the digestive tract produces neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and GABA—the very same chemical messengers that regulate thought, emotion, and awareness.

An estimated 90–95 percent of the body’s serotonin, widely associated with feelings of well-being and mental stability, is produced not in the brain but in the gut by microorganisms.

In 2018, researcher Maya Kaelberer and her team at Duke University made a landmark discovery: the gut communicates with the brain not only through slow hormonal signaling but through fast, direct neural connections.

They identified specialized sensory cells in the small intestine—dubbed neuropod cells—that synapse directly onto the vagus nerve, creating a rapid electrochemical line of communication between gut and brain.

Most recently, a 2026 study published in News-Medical provided the most startling evidence yet: specific gut bacteria were detected traveling via the vagus nerve and arriving in the brain tissue of mice—without any detectable breach of the blood-brain barrier.

Researchers confirmed that mice that underwent vagotomy (surgical severing of the vagus nerve) showed approximately twenty-fold fewer bacteria in the brain than control animals.

This architecture has profound implications for understanding both human perception and philosophy.

Within the labyrinthine walls of the digestive tract lies a complex neural empire — the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) — housing between 200 and 600 million neurons and over twenty distinct neuron types. This structure, embedded from esophagus to anus, does not merely process food.

It processes experience itself.

Johns Hopkins Medicine has called it “a brain in your gut” that is “revolutionizing medicine’s understanding of the links between digestion, mood, health, and even the way you think”.

Carl Jung, who spent decades mapping the dark corridors of the unconscious psyche, may have identified the psychological phenomenon; modern neurogastroenterology is now identifying its biological substrate.

When Jung declared that the unconscious would direct one’s life until it was made conscious, he was articulating, in the language of depth psychology, something that biochemistry is now expressing in the language of microbial signaling.

The second brain of the gut — and the trillions of microorganisms that colonize it — operates largely below the threshold of conscious awareness, shaping emotions, steering decisions, and sculpting personality in ways the thinking mind rarely suspects.

The ENS operates with a degree of independence that is neurologically extraordinary: studies confirm that even when the vagus nerve — the primary neural highway connecting gut to brain — is severed, the enteric nervous system continues to function autonomously.

The intestine, it has been noted, is the only organ in the body capable of operating in complete independence from the central nervous system.

This autonomy carries staggering implications. The standard model of human cognition places the brain at the center of all meaningful processing.

Yet neurogastroenterology reveals a rival headquarters operating in the abdomen, one that communicates with the central nervous system through bidirectional chemical and electrical signals transmitted via the vagus nerve within milliseconds.

As the University of British Columbia’s Neuroscience division observed, “emerging evidence is showing that the gut-brain axis is one of the most powerful relationships in our body”.

The gut is not merely reactive; it is generative. It initiates biochemical states that rise upward into consciousness and are experienced as emotion, motivation, and judgment — before the conscious mind has time to deliberate.

The Microbial Directors of Fate

Beyond the ENS itself lies a still deeper layer of hidden sovereignty: the microbiome. The human gut harbors trillions of microorganisms — bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses — that collectively outnumber human cells tenfold.

These microorganisms are not just passive passengers – they may be driving the human vehicle for billions of people around the globe.

A 2018 study published in Translational Psychiatry documented the first evidence that probiotic administration produced measurable changes in brain activation patterns during emotional memory and decision-making tasks — changes verified through functional MRI, alongside parallel shifts in gut microbiome composition and self-reported behavior.

The gut was not merely reflecting mental states.

It was reshaping them.

A landmark 2025 review published in PubMed confirmed that “gut microbiota play a foundational role in shaping emotional and cognitive functions through complex neuroimmune and neuroendocrine mechanisms,” modulating neurochemical pathways involving serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate.

These are not peripheral chemicals.

They are the very molecules of human consciousness, motivation, pleasure, and fear.

A landmark study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry examined 206 women and found that specific emotion-related factors — both positive and negative emotions and the strategies used to regulate them — were significantly associated with the composition of the gut microbiome at the species and metabolic pathway levels.

What a person feels, and how they manage those feelings, correlates directly with what microorganisms are active in the gut.

The causal relationship, as the evidence increasingly indicates, runs in both directions: emotional states alter the microbiome, and the microbiome alters emotional states.

The most arresting single statistic in this field is one that fundamentally reframes the Jungian question of unconscious control.

Approximately 90 to 95 percent of all serotonin in the human body is synthesized in the gut, not the brain.

In other words, the microbes living below conscious awareness produce the very neurotransmitters through which moods are experienced and decisions are made.

The gut’s microbial tenants are not merely influencing the human host.

In a very measurable biochemical sense, they are generating the chemical preconditions for what the host will call happiness, despair, aggression, or calm.

To call this “fate” — as Jung’s formulation predicted — is not poetry.

It is accurate phenomenology.

In this light, the Gnostic understanding of the body as a site of both bondage and liberation takes on a precise scientific meaning.

The microorganisms within the gut are not neutral bystanders.

They are active agents in the psychodrama of consciousness — and until their influence is recognized, it operates as fate.

To ignore this subterranean intelligence is not merely an oversight.

It is a surrender of agency.

Ancient Philosophy

Long before MRI scanners, neuroscience and cognitive psychology, ancient wisdom traditions had attempted to conceptualize the importance of impulse control and a disciplined mind.

Gnostic texts, Stoic philosophy, and Eastern metaphysics all grappled with what happens when the lower faculties of mind override the higher.

For the ancient Greeks and Romans, the body was never merely a machine. It was a microcosm mirroring the ordered cosmos itself.

Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460–370 B.C.) articulated medicine as a discipline rooted in observation of the whole patient — their diet, their climate, their emotional life, and their relationship to nature.

His famous aphorism, “It is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has,” was not metaphor. It was clinical doctrine.

The Stoics called impulsive, unreflective reaction pathe — passions or disturbances that hijack the rational soul. The used sōphrosynē (temperance/self-mastery), which encompassed self-control, discipline, and modesty.

This was accomplished by mastering prosochē — “attention” or watchfulness over one’s own mind — as a kind of disciplined self-surveillance.

Epictetus taught in the Enchiridion that humanity’s suffering arises not from events themselves, but from undisciplined first reactions to those events.

Marcus Aurelius wrote extensively in the Meditations about the discipline required to pause between stimulus and response — a practice that presupposes the natural human tendency to not pause.

In Gnostic cosmology, the material world — the realm of raw sensation and reactive impulse — is governed by the Demiurge, a lesser creator-deity who mistakes surface reality for ultimate truth.

The pneumatic individual (the awakened Gnostic) transcends this reactive layer through gnosis — direct, experiential knowledge that moves beyond the sensory and the habitual.

From this perspective, the person who acts entirely before thinking is someone still imprisoned in the Demiurge’s domain: driven by sensation, reflex, and unexamined programming rather than by illuminated understanding.

When the Gnostic declared that true knowledge was felt as much as it was thought, they were not speaking metaphorically.

The gut feeling, the visceral intuition, the bodily knowing that precedes rational explanation—these were understood by ancient initiates to be forms of intelligence in their own right.

Modern neuroscience, through 200 to 600 million neurons embedded in the gut wall and a vagal communication highway that speaks predominantly upward, has arrived at the same conclusion through an entirely different path.

Galen of Pergamon (129–216 A.D.) extended this holism into an elaborate psychophysiology. Drawing on Platonic and Stoic philosophy, Galen argued that the soul possessed distinct faculties — rational, spirited, and appetitive — each governing different bodily systems.

In his On the Passions and Errors of the Soul, he proposed a system of emotional management rooted in metriopatheia (moderation of passions), arguing that the cultivation of emotional discipline had direct, measurable consequences on physical health.

His insights into the mind-body relationship marked what modern scholars recognize as the earliest systematic exploration of psychosomatic medicine, arguing that emotional states — grief, anger, love — could influence physical health as surely as diet or injury.

Conclusion

The science of the gut-brain axis does not simply offer new treatments for digestive disorders. It demands a fundamental revision of what it means to be a thinking, perceiving human being. The body is not a vehicle for the brain—it is a partner in consciousness.

Protecting the microbiome through diet, managing vagal tone through breath and contemplative practice, and understanding that emotional states are as much a product of the gut as of the mind are no longer alternative ideas.

They are supported by Columbia University, Johns Hopkins, Duke University, Stanford, and the pages of Nature.

As the ancient physicians and philosopher’s knew, and as modern science is rediscovering: to understand and control the mind, you must first understand and control the gut.

Hence, as Jung said, “Until you make the unconscious, conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate.”

References

  1. Gershon, Michael D. “The Enteric Nervous System: A Second Brain.” Hospital Practice, 1999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10418549/

  2. Moore, Alison M., Manon Mathias, and Jørgen Valeur, eds. Gut-Brain Axis in History and Culture. Academia.edu, 2019. https://www.academia.edu/41210437

  3. Breit, Sigrid, et al. “Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders.” Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29593576/

  4. Kaelberer, Maya M., et al. “A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction.” Science, 2018. https://www.mbl.edu/news/thats-your-stomach-talking

  5. Morais, Livia H., et al. “The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.” Physiological Reviews, 2021. https://www.academia.edu/59596278

  6. “Effect of gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism.” PubMed, 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37922012/

  7. “Gut-Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders—How Microbiomes Affect our Mental Health.” PubMed, 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017855/

  8. “Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Applications.” Nature: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2024. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01743-1

  9. “Scientists show gut bacteria can reach the brain in mice via vagus nerve.” News-Medical, 2026. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20260315

  10. Gershon, Michael D. The Second Brain. Harper, 1998. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/636974

  11. Cryan, John F., and Ted Dinan. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis Review, via Academia.edu trauma journal, 2018. https://www.academia.edu/36630794

  12. Physiology Society: “All Disease Begins in the Gut.” https://www.physoc.org/blog/food-for-thought-all-disease-begins-in-the-gut/

  13. Barnstone, Willis, and Marvin Meyer, eds. The Gnostic Bible. Shambhala, 2003. https://classicalastrologer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/the_gnostic_bible.pdf

  14. Copenhaver, Brian P., trans. Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/44747653

The Scent of Illness and Death: The smell of fungi eating rotting humans

The Scent of Illness and Death: The smell of fungi eating rotting humans

by

Fungi or molds are the true ouroboros of nature.

After all, fungi eat illness and death, and in doing so, create new life.

I find the concept of fungi controlling the cycle of destruction and creation highly intriguing. I often ponder the biological processes that govern these laws of nature and their filamental connections to human beings.

In my capacity as a certified mold inspector and remediator based in the United States, I am well-versed in identifying mold (fungal) infestations in homes. These infestations often manifest as a specific odor reminiscent of decaying construction materials.

Repeated exposure to this distinctive scent has honed my detection skills over the span of a decade, allowing me to identify it with almost flawless accuracy.

The other day, it occurred to me: Wouldn’t humans with fungal infections or diseases produce a similar scent of decay or rot?

A brief online investigation confirmed my hypothesis!

Many studies have shown that humans demonstrate a proficient capacity to recognize and respond suitably to scent signals indicating danger such as certain chemicals resulting from biological decay processes to evoke avoidance (Rozin et al. 2000). Researchers have found that certain volatile compounds or smell hazards can be divided into two categories based on the human emotions associated with microbial threats (e.g., organic decay, vomit or feces) and nonmicrobial hazards (e.g., predators, fire, degraded air, and poisons).

For example, the smell of smoke would elicit fear that a fire is nearby and you need to move away or flee the area, while the smell of rotting garbage or moldy drywall will cause a disgusting emotion as the person inhales these VOCs. The reason is studies have shown that each class of threats is associated with a different underlying emotion such as disgust or fear/panic, which could indicate the level of threat.

This powerful smell detection system in animals and humans serves as an evolutionary defense mechanism deeply ingrained in our subconscious minds over millennia. The scents of decay, emanating as volatile compounds, serve as environmental cues for all living beings, including microorganisms, animals, and humans.

When we inhale, these odor molecules travel through the nasal passages and reach the olfactory epithelium, where they bind to the receptor proteins. This triggers a series of chemical signals that are sent to the brain, specifically the olfactory bulb, which processes and interprets the information to identify the scent.

While some scents signal the presence of food, others indicate potential threats such as predators, pathogens, fires, or even kin relationships.

Researchers have found that many individuals have reported experiencing a distinct change in their sense of smell when they or a loved one falls ill. This phenomenon is not merely coincidental; rather, it is rooted in the intricate connections between our olfactory system and our overall health.

I know this smell all too well.

When I was a young teen serving out my community service sentence in a senior citizen home, I could vividly remember this distinct smell as I walked down the lonely concrete halls.

This smell was not pleasant. It was a mixture of urine, feces, and rotting flesh.

As I served out my 30-day sentence, I felt every time I walked into that facility that I was walking on a narrow ridge between the shadow of the valley of death and life.

The next time I came across this unique scent again was in the ICU room of a hospital when my father had almost died from alcoholism at 52.

As I watched the nurses pump the shit out of his blood as he lay there incapacitated and near death because his liver gave out, that strange smell hit my nostrils bringing back memories of the nursing home.

Again, I realized where I was.

But this time I was a visitor witnessing my father’s life being dragged into the valley of death. As if they had, the legions received a notice of his impending doom coming to feast on his barely living carcass.

Today as I look back, I’m much more educated about human biology, health, disease, and death. As it relates to the scent of death, I have found an interesting correlation that explains this phenomenon.

What I found is that scent can be a powerful indicator of understanding the science of illness and death.

THE SCIENCE OF THE SMELL OF DISEASE

Our sense of smell, also known as olfaction, is a powerful and often underappreciated sense that plays a crucial role to detect and differentiate between a vast array of scents, from the pleasant aroma of freshly baked cookies to the pungent odor of rotten eggs and even infectious diseases.

Clinicians have long recognized that most infections produce distinctive odors associated with a particular disease. In fact, each disease has a specific smell that is almost always associated with a rotten or decaying scent as if we are slowly being eaten alive, which appears to be the case.

In the human body, microbial organisms generate a variety of volatile substances, and different smelly compounds like alcohols, aliphatic acids, and terpenes. Research into the emission of VOCs resulting from microbial activity in bodily fluids and organs, which are then released through breath, urine, feces, and sweat traces back to the early 1800s.

The reason is that beyond exhaling air, your breath contains volatile compounds (VOCs) originating from various bodily organs that act as environmental signals (magnets) to nearby predators, pathogens, and kin.

If we have a fungal disease in one of our organs, they will emit these VOCs through our breath, sweat, skin, urine, feces, and vaginal secretions. But our blood is the most important source for these pheromone signals in the form of bodily odors.

For example, it’s common to experience morning breath, particularly if you’ve slept with your mouth open. However, bad breath or halitosis can also be a sign of underlying health issues such as gum disease, respiratory infections, or even digestive problems.

Persistent bad breath that doesn’t improve with regular oral hygiene measures like brushing and mouthwash could indicate an underlying issue such as infections in the sinuses, throat, or lungs, requiring medical attention from a healthcare professional.

When we smell these odors of other people, they are called pheremones which are small volatile organic molecules that animals and humans use to communicate. Pheromones are clinically defined as “substances which are secreted to the outside by an individual and received by a second individual of the same species, in which they release a specific reaction, for example, a definite behavior or a developmental process”.

Pheromones play a critical role in signaling and choreographing interactions between fungi mating partners during sexual reproduction.

Meaning, that certain smells give off a magnetic cue for fungi within the human body that they should start having lots of sex and reproduce more offspring, which would require that the increased fungal population needs more food to feast upon.

My theory is that this increased fungal load creates fermentation within our blood and organs which morphs this symbiotic relationship into a parasitic one leading to illness, disease, and eventually death. These illnesses caused by fermentation create a unique rot or decaying odor that we have the innate ability to detect.

Interestingly, I have found that research has revealed that certain illnesses can alter a person’s body odor, making them emit distinct pheromone scents that can be detected by others, even at a subconscious level. This ability to detect sickness through pheromones may have evolved as a survival mechanism, allowing us to avoid contact with individuals who are ill and reducing the risk of spreading disease within a community.

For example, researchers have found that certain infections like tuberculosis can create a unique odor in the patient’s sweat and even metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria can result in a musty odor in the individual’s breath or skin. A fruity or rotten apple-like odor might indicate poorly controlled diabetes.

In some cases, organ failure can contribute to bad breath. Kidney failure, for instance, may produce an ammonia or urine-like odor, while serious liver disease can result in musty or garlic-like breath.

Another notable example is the use of scent analysis to detect early signs of certain types of cancer through breath samples. By analyzing the volatile organic compounds present in exhaled breath, researchers have been able to identify specific scent markers associated with different types of cancer, enabling early detection and intervention.

SMELL OF DEATH

Our olfactory senses have the remarkable ability to detect subtle changes in the body’s chemistry, even after passing. The unique scents that accompany different stages of decomposition can provide valuable insights into the time of passing and the processes at play within the body.

Before death, the human body undergoes a fascinating series of changes that can be detected through various senses, including smell. When a person is diseased or near death, the breakdown of cells and tissues initiates a complex biochemical process that releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the surrounding environment. These VOCs are responsible for the unique pre and post-mortem scent that evolves.

Initially, the absence of vital functions such as circulation and respiration leads to a lack of oxygen supply to cells, resulting in anaerobic metabolism and the production of compounds like putrescine and cadaverine. These compounds contribute to the characteristic early-stage scent of death, often described as sweet and sickly.

As time progresses, microbial activity intensifies, causing further decomposition and the release of additional VOCs such as skatole and indole. These compounds give rise to the distinctive foul odor associated with the beginning stages of decomposition.

When a living organism ceases to function, a complex series of biological processes begin to unfold, leading to the breakdown of tissues and the release of various gasses and compounds.

The stages of decomposition can be broadly categorized into fresh, putrefaction, decay, and dry remains.

During the fresh stage, the body undergoes immediate changes such as algor mortis (cooling of the body), rigor mortis (stiffening of muscles), and livor mortis (discoloration of the skin due to pooling of blood). As the process progresses into putrefaction, bacteria within the body begin to break down tissues, releasing volatile organic compounds that contribute to the characteristic odors associated with decomposition.

Moving into the decay stage, the body continues to break down, leading to the formation of adipocere (a waxy substance) and further release of gasses such as methane and hydrogen sulfide. Finally, the remains enter the dry stage, characterized by the mummification of tissues and a reduction in odor production.

Studies have shown that as the body undergoes the process of decomposition, distinct scents are released that can provide valuable insights into the timeline of when an individual passed away.

One notable case study involved analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during decomposition. Researchers found that specific compounds, such as putrescine and cadaverine, increased in concentration over time, creating a unique scent profile associated with different stages of decomposition.

Health factors also play a crucial role in influencing post-mortem scent. Various health conditions and medications can impact the decomposition process and alter the odor profile after death. For example, individuals with certain illnesses may produce distinct chemical compounds during decomposition, leading to unique and identifiable post-mortem scents.

Researchers found that dying cells might signal their demise to nearby living cells by releasing specific metabolites, potentially orchestrating physiological responses to stress. Through mass spectrometry analysis of intracellular and extracellular metabolomes, they identified five metabolites involved in the process.

Additionally, they found adenosine triphosphate, previously known for its role in immune cell recruitment, to be upregulated after apoptosis induction. Importantly, the release of these metabolites was reduced when cells were treated with a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting that apoptotic cells actively release biologically relevant metabolites.

The authors explored whether metabolites released by dying cells were just incidental or reflect the cell’s activity before death. They found that spermidine levels were notably high in all models tested.

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine that is present in various foods such as soybeans, wheat germ, and aged cheeses. In mammalian cells, spermidine is produced from putrescine, which is derived from ornithine, or through the oxidative breakdown of spermine.

It can also be taken up from the extracellular environment or expelled from the cell, potentially through membrane transporters akin to those found in yeast and bacteria, or through endocytosis/exocytosis mechanisms.

Spermidine is produced from putrescine.

A word that means “becoming putrid or rotting.”

This is the decomposition of carbon matter.

The scent of death.

Putrescine is found in all organisms and plants.

Its role is well documented to play a role in stress responses in plants and its absence is associated with an increase in both parasite and fungal populations in plants. It is what causes bad breath and vaginosis. Putrescine is found in semen and some microalgae, together with spermine and spermidine.

The intestinal microbiota represents the main source of spermidine synthesis within our body.

Studies of mice found that the concentration of spermidine in the gut lumen could be upregulated through oral administration of probiotics and the amino acid arginine, resulting in suppressed inflammation and improved longevity in old mice.

Due to its role in putrification, elevated putrescine has also been proposed as a biochemical marker for determining how long a corpse has been decomposing and also premortem diseases such as cancer. Scientifically speaking as it relates to humans, putrefying tissue of dead bodies breaks down our cells and proteins which undergo anaerobic splitting by bacteria and fungi creating a pungent scent that is emitted by putrescine.

Research on animals shows that it can function as a powerful chemosensory signal that prompts the perceiver to leave or avoid the area and that humans can identify threats via chemosignals. This unique scent has been studied to activate what is known as a “chemosensory warning signal” within humans activating threat management responses (e.g., heightened alertness, fight-or-flight responses).

The significance of scent in this realm cannot be understated, as it opens up a new dimension in forensic science that can lead to more accurate diagnosis, estimations, and conclusions in pre and post-mortem investigations.

Advancements in technology are paving the way for more accurate and efficient methods of determining illness, disease, and death based on scent analysis.

One promising development is the use of electronic nose devices, which are designed to mimic the human sense of smell and can detect and analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during decomposition. These devices have the potential to provide rapid and objective assessments of post-mortem scent profiles, aiding forensic investigators in determining the time of passing with greater precision.

Additionally, research is underway to explore the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to analyze complex scent data patterns and identify specific biomarkers associated with different stages of decomposition.

CONCLUSION

Understanding the intricate relationship between the science of the scent of illness and death can pave the way for advancements in the diagnosis and prognosis of people infected by fungi.

Our olfactory system can serve as a powerful tool in identifying early signs of infectious disease, human decay, and organ rotting found in various diseases.

As we’ve explored in this article, clinicians have long recognized and several studies prove that many infections produce distinctive odors associated with particular diseases.

The sense of smell, often overlooked in healthcare settings today, will play a significant role in detecting and monitoring illnesses in the future.

By harnessing the power of our sense of smell, healthcare professionals can potentially improve early detection, treatment outcomes, and overall patient care.

The implications for humanity could be profound.

SOURCES:

The scent of disease: volatile organic compounds of the human body related to disease and disorder – Oxford Academic

PUBMED: Humans can detect axillary odor cues of an acute respiratory infection in others

Pheromones and their effect on women’s mood and sexuality – PUBMED

Spermidine: a physiological autophagy inducer acting as an anti-aging vitamin in humans?

The smell of death: evidence that putrescine elicits threat management mechanisms

An Initial Evaluation of the Functions of Human Olfaction

Cognitive Biometrics: Brain wave patterns are unique for every individual

Cognitive Biometrics: Brain wave patterns are unique for every individual

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Brain waves, also known as brain rhythms or oscillations, emerge from the synchronized network of electrical activity of neurons in our brains. These coordinated efforts facilitate crucial functions like perception, cognition, and intelligence.

From our thoughts and emotions to our behavior and learning abilities, brain wave patterns play a crucial role in shaping who we are as individuals. In fact, studies have shown they hold the key to understanding the intricacies of human uniqueness.

The latest neuroscience research has found that our brains operate on differing frequencies, each associated with different states of consciousness and intelligent functions. What it shows is that each of us has differing brain wave activity that is directly related to our genetics and learning capabilities which equates to our overall intelligence and IQ.

Hence, your ability to truly think and your intelligence can now be measured and categorized into different frequencies, each associated with specific mental states and cognitive processes. Therefore, understanding the different types of brain waves is a fascinating and essential aspect of unraveling the mystery of how they define our uniqueness.

Scientists are able to assess human intelligence and mental illness with a special machine called an electroencephalogram (EEG). During an EEG, electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect and record brain waves, which are rhythmic oscillations of electrical activity that occur in different regions of the brain.

These electrodes pick up the different frequencies and amplitudes of the brain waves starting at the low delta (<4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and higher frequencies such as beta (12-30 Hz), gamma (30–80 Hz), and high gamma (>80 Hz). The recorded data is then analyzed to identify the various types of waves and their patterns.

The unique combination and interplay of these brain wave patterns contribute to our individual uniqueness.

Just as no two fingerprints are exactly alike, no two individuals have the same brain wave patterns. These patterns shape our cognitive abilities, personality traits, and even our responses to external stimuli.

Research has shown that each of these waves corresponds to specific mental states and activities, offering insights into our cognitive processes and overall brain functioning.

For example, beta waves, which have a high frequency, are linked to focused attention, problem-solving, and critical thinking.

Alpha waves, with a lower frequency just under beta, are associated with a relaxed state of mind, creativity, and insight.

However, the highest cognitive functions in humans are measured via gamma waves, the fastest and highest frequency brain waves, which are linked to heightened cognitive functioning, attention, and memory.

These waves are believed to play a crucial role in learning and information processing, allowing us to absorb and retain new knowledge effectively.

But when it comes to people whose brains are not functioning properly or due to mental illness, they operate in the theta and delta range.

Slow wave activity is composed of both large amplitude and low frequency activity in the delta (0.5–4 Hz) or theta (4–7 Hz) frequency bands is normally only seen in people while they are sleeping, but it is also observed in people with mental illness.

Delta and theta activity in the waking state has mainly been studied in people with neurological disorders, but abnormal slow brain waves are found in many developmental and degenerative disorders, and also in several other neurological conditions.

Delta waves, characterized by low-frequency and high-amplitude patterns, are associated with deep sleep and unconsciousness. These waves are crucial for restorative sleep, allowing our bodies to rejuvenate and recharge during the night as we repair our bodily tissues, and strengthen the immune system.

This technology is being further developed by various governments for biometric security in the form of finger and palm prints, iris scanning, facial recognition, and blood, vein and cognitive pattern recognition.

The Four Types of Biometric Security are:

Biological biometrics

Morphological biometrics

Behavioral biometrics

Cognitive biometrics

Cognitive biometric security measures brainwave patterns, also known as brainprints, which are considered a superior biometric alternative by researchers when compared to fingerprints or retinal scans.

This is a novel approach to user authentication and/or identification that utilizes the response(s) of nervous tissue in response to one or more stimuli, and the subsequent response(s) are acquired and used for authentication.

Cognitive biometrics use bio-signals that are measured via a EEG-based BCI system for authenticating a person is primarily derived from the unique subtle features embedded in them (Revett and de Magalhães, 2010; Gupta et al., 2012).

Unlike fingerprints or retinas, which are static once compromised, a brainwave pattern offers the advantage of being changeable, enabling users to reset it if their brain print is stolen.

One of the key advantages of the brainprint is its non-invasive nature.

Unlike traditional biometric methods that rely on physical features like fingerprints or facial recognition, a brainprint does not require any direct contact with individuals.

This makes it convenient, user-friendly, and less susceptible to privacy concerns. Individuals can be recognized simply by analyzing their unique brain activity patterns, without the need for physical interaction.

Moreover, the complexity of brain patterns makes it extremely difficult for potential attackers to forge or replicate brainprints. The intricate network of neural connections and individual brain signatures add an extra layer of security to the system.

This resistance to attacks enhances the robustness and reliability of brainprint as a biometric recognition technology.

A 2016 study from Binghamton University used cognitive biometrics to identify a group of 50 participants with 100 percent accuracy. Previous research published in 2015 successfully identified individuals with 97 percent accuracy.

The significant improvement from 97 percent last year to a perfect 100 percent this year is particularly crucial for high-security environments like the Pentagon, necessitating flawless detection and authorization systems.

As neuroimaging and hidden biometric modalities continue to evolve, the brainprint emerges as a compelling alternative for person recognition.

Unraveling the mystery of how brain wave patterns define our uniqueness opens up a world of possibilities for harnessing our cognitive abilities to their fullest potential.

It highlights the intricate interplay between our brains and our individual cognitive strengths, providing a deeper understanding of what makes each of us truly unique.

SOURCES:

EEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Using brain prints as new biometric feature for human recognition

Digital Trends

Florida Surgeon General: These Vaccines Are the Antichrists of All Products

Florida Surgeon General: These Vaccines Are the Antichrists of All Products

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On Thursday, Florida Surgeon General Dr. Joseph Ladapo went on the Steve Bannon War Room Podcast calling the COVID-19 vaccine inoculations – the “Antichrist of all products”

Lapado brought the conversation about vaccines into the religious dimension with his criticism as if it were the mark of the beast.

“I think it probably does have some integration at some levels with the human genome,” Ladapo said, “because these vaccines are honestly—they’re the Antichrist of all products.

Tucker Carlson interviewed the Florida Surgeon General on January 15th about his statements.


So I think it probably does. But I’m not saying it does.

“I’m saying that they themselves have said you should test for it,” he said of the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.

“And that hasn’t happened, and they’ve provided no proof that it’s happened. And that’s so wrong.

You know, it’s just complete disrespect to the human genome and the importance of protecting it and preserving it.

And that is our connection to God.”

Florida Surgeon General Ladapo’s comments come on the heels of the Ron DeSantis appointee who advocated for the discontinuation of mRNA vaccines, citing his belief that they could pose a threat to DNA.

In a statement released January 4th by the Florida Department of Health, Ladapo referred to a Dec. 6 letter to the FDA in which he raised concerns about “nucleic acid contaminants” in the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and the “unique risks posed by DNA integration.”

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration called Ladapo’s DNA claims “misleading” and “implausible,” saying they have proven to be safe, effective and often life saving.

“The FDA stands firmly behind the safety, effectiveness and manufacturing quality of the approved and authorized COVID-19 vaccines, and respectfully disagrees with the Florida Surgeon General’s opinion.

“It is simply a fact that millions of lives have been saved because of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which most Americans undergoing vaccination have received,” said FDA spokesperson Cherie Duvall-Jones.

“The challenge we continue to face is the ongoing proliferation of misinformation and disinformation about these vaccines which results in vaccine hesitancy that lowers vaccine uptake,” the FDA response to Ladapo said.

“Given the dramatic reduction in the risk of death, hospitalization and serious illness afforded by the vaccines, lower vaccine uptake is contributing to the continued death and serious illness toll of COVID-19.”